Glycerol

Glycerol
Ball-and-stick model of glycerol	Space-filling model of glycerol
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Propane-1,2,3-triol
	Other names 1,2,3-Trioxypropane; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane; 1,2,3-Propanetriol;
Identifiers
CAS Number	56-81-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:17754 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL692 ;
ChemSpider	733 ;
DrugBank	DB04077 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.263
E number	E422 (thickeners, ...)
IUPHAR/BPS	5195;
KEGG	D00028 ;
PubChem CID	753;
UNII	PDC6A3C0OX ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9020663 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2 Key: PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2 Key: PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYAF;
	SMILES OCC(O)CO;
Properties
Chemical formula	C3H8O3
Molar mass	92.094 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless hygroscopic liquid
Odor	Odorless
Density	1.261 g/cm3
Melting point	17.8 °C (64.0 °F; 290.9 K)
Boiling point	290 °C (554 °F; 563 K)
Solubility in water	miscible
log P	−2.32
Vapor pressure	0.003 mmHg (0.40 Pa) at 50 °C
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−57.06×10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.4746
Viscosity	1.412 Pa·s (20 °C)
Pharmacology
ATC code	A06AG04 (WHO) A06AX01 (WHO), QA16QA03 (WHO)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 1 0
Flash point	160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) (closed cup); 176 °C (349 °F; 449 K) (open cup)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 15 mg/m3 (total); TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)
REL (Recommended)	None established
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.
Safety data sheet (SDS)	JT Baker ver. 2008 archive
Supplementary data page
	Glycerol (data page)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Glycerol (/ˈɡlɪsərɒl/)^[6] is a simple triol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic. The glycerol backbone is found in lipids known as glycerides. It is also widely used as a sweetener in the food industry and as a humectant in pharmaceutical formulations. Because of its three hydroxyl groups, glycerol is miscible with water and is hygroscopic in nature.^[7]

Modern use of the word glycerine (alternatively spelled glycerin) refers to commercial preparations of less than 100% purity, typically 95% glycerol. ^[8]

^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 690. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0302". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ "glycerin_msds". Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
^ Segur, J. B.; Oberstar, H. E. (1951). "Viscosity of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 43 (9): 2117–2120. doi:10.1021/ie50501a040.
^ Lide, D. R., ed. (1994). CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4386.
^ "glycerol – Definition of glycerol in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries – English. Archived from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
^ Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Is There any Difference Between Glycerin and Glycerol?". Oxford Dictionaries – English. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

[1] International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 690. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.

[PGCH-2] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0302". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[chemsrc-3] "glycerin_msds". Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 7 May 2018.

[Viscosity_of_Glycerol_and_its_Aqueous_Solutions-4] Segur, J. B.; Oberstar, H. E. (1951). "Viscosity of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 43 (9): 2117–2120. doi:10.1021/ie50501a040.

[5] Lide, D. R., ed. (1994). CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4386.

[6] "glycerol – Definition of glycerol in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries – English. Archived from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2022.

[Ullmann-7] Cite error: The named reference Ullmann was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[8] "Is There any Difference Between Glycerin and Glycerol?". Oxford Dictionaries – English. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.

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Glycerol

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