Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide

CGA
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1DZ7, 1E9J, 1FL7, 1HCN, 1HD4, 1HRP, 1QFW, 1XWD, 4AY9, 4MQW
Identifiers
Aliases	CGA, CG-ALPHA, FSHA, GPHA1, GPHa, HCG, LHA, TSHA, Chorionic gonadotropin alpha, glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide, Alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones, GPA1
External IDs	OMIM: 118850; MGI: 88390; HomoloGene: 587; GeneCards: CGA; OMA:CGA - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (human)
End	87,095,106 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)
End	34,907,370 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	anterior pituitary; ; placenta; ; buccal mucosa cell; ; testicle; ; tail of epididymis; ; gonad; ; amniotic fluid; ; decidua; ; islet of Langerhans; ; hair follicle;
	Top expressed in
	Pituitary Gland; ; median eminence; ; anterior pituitary; ; pars tuberalis; ; arcuate nucleus; ; pars distalis of adenohypophysis; ; morula; ; embryo; ; outer nuclear layer; ; blastocyst;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; hormone activity; follicle-stimulating hormone activity;
Cellular component	Golgi lumen; extracellular region; extracellular space; follicle-stimulating hormone complex;
Biological process	cell-cell signaling; peptide hormone processing; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; signal transduction; positive regulation of cell migration; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; regulation of signaling receptor activity; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process; thyroid hormone generation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1081
	12640
	ENSG00000135346
	ENSMUSG00000028298
	P01215
	P01216
	NM_001252383; NM_000735
	NM_009889
	NP_000726; NP_001239312
	NP_034019
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGA gene.^[5]

The gonadotropin hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are heterodimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits (also called chains) that are associated non-covalently. The alpha subunits of these four human glycoprotein hormones are identical; however, their beta chains are unique and confer biological specificity. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit and belongs to the glycoprotein hormones alpha chain family.^[6] CGA levels are regulated by ELAVL1/HuR, and the small molecule Eltrombopag, which targets HuR/RNA interactions, has been shown to reduce CGA levels in human cultured cells.^[7]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135346 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028298 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Fiddes JC, Goodman HM (Oct 1982). "The gene encoding the common alpha subunit of the four human glycoprotein hormones". Journal of Molecular and Applied Genetics. 1 (1): 3–18. PMID 6286817.
^ "Entrez Gene: CGA glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide".
^ Idlin, Nathalie; Krishnamoorthy, Sivakumar; Wolczyk, Magdalena; Fakhri, Mouad; Lechowski, Michal; Stec, Natalia; Milek, Jacek; Mandal, Pratik Kumar; Cendrowski, Jaroslaw; Spanos, Christos; Dziembowska, Magdalena; Mleczko-Sanecka, Katarzyna; Rappsilber, Juri; Michlewski, Gracjan (2025-01-23). "Effects of genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of HuR on gene expression, iron metabolism, and hormone levels". BMC Biology. 23 (1): 24. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02131-z. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 11756078. PMID 39849491.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135346 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028298 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid6286817-5] Fiddes JC, Goodman HM (Oct 1982). "The gene encoding the common alpha subunit of the four human glycoprotein hormones". Journal of Molecular and Applied Genetics. 1 (1): 3–18. PMID 6286817.

[6] "Entrez Gene: CGA glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide".

[7] Idlin, Nathalie; Krishnamoorthy, Sivakumar; Wolczyk, Magdalena; Fakhri, Mouad; Lechowski, Michal; Stec, Natalia; Milek, Jacek; Mandal, Pratik Kumar; Cendrowski, Jaroslaw; Spanos, Christos; Dziembowska, Magdalena; Mleczko-Sanecka, Katarzyna; Rappsilber, Juri; Michlewski, Gracjan (2025-01-23). "Effects of genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of HuR on gene expression, iron metabolism, and hormone levels". BMC Biology. 23 (1): 24. doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02131-z. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 11756078. PMID 39849491.

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Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide

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