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Grisons
Grisons
Graubünden | |
|---|---|
| Canton of the Grisons Canton of Graubünden | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location in Switzerland
Map of the Grisons  | |
| Coordinates: 46°45′N 9°30′E / 46.750°N 9.500°E | |
| Capital | Chur |
| Subdivisions | 108 municipalities, 11 districts |
| Government | |
| • Executive | Executive Council (5) |
| • Legislative | Grand Council (120) |
| Area | |
• Total | 7,105.39 km2 (2,743.41 sq mi) |
| Population (December 2020)[2] | |
• Total | 200,096 |
| • Density | 28/km2 (73/sq mi) |
| GDP | |
| • Total | CHF 14.519 billion (2020) |
| • Per capita | CHF 72,754 (2020) |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-GR |
| Highest point | 4,049 m (13,284 ft): Piz Bernina |
| Lowest point | 260 m (853 ft): border to Ticino at San Vittore |
| Joined | 1803 |
| Languages | German, Romansh, Italian |
| Other languages | Lombard, Walser German |
| Website | www |
The Grisons (/ɡriːˈzɒ̃/;[4] French: [ɡʁizɔ̃]) or Graubünden (German: [ɡraʊˈbʏndn̩] ),[note 1] more formally the Canton of the Grisons or the Canton of Graubünden,[5] is one of the twenty-six cantons of Switzerland. It has eleven districts, and its capital is Chur. The German name of the canton, Graubünden, translates as the "Grey Leagues", referring to the canton's origin in three local alliances, the Three Leagues. The other native names also refer to the Grey League: Grischùn in Sutsilvan, Grischun in the other forms of Romansh, and Grigioni in Italian. Rhaetia is the Latin name for the area. The Alpine ibex is the canton's heraldic symbol.
The largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland, it is also one of the three large southern Alpine cantons, along with Valais and Ticino. It is the most diverse canton in terms of natural and cultural geography, as it encompasses both sides of the Alps and several natural and cultural regions. The diversity of the canton is often compared to that of Switzerland as a whole and warrants it the name of "Little Switzerland".[6][7] The Grisons is bordered by four cantons as well as Austria, Italy and Liechtenstein.
The state is the only trilingual canton of Switzerland.[8] It is also the only one where Romansh, Switzerland's fourth national language, has official status. Romansh language and culture is an important part of local identity.[9] In 2020 the canton had a population of 200,096.[2] It is the least densely populated canton of Switzerland. The only sizable city in the canton is Chur, as the majority of the population lives in mountainous areas, including some of the most remote valleys of the country. One of the birthplaces of winter sports, the canton is a major tourist destination year-round, including a large number of Alpine resort towns, notably Davos and St. Moritz. The canton is also renowned for its extensive narrow-gauge railway network, operated by the Rhaetian Railway, and linking the capital with most valleys of the Grisons.
Formerly occupied by the Rhaeti, most of the lands of the canton became part of the Roman province called Raetia, which was established in 15 BC, with Curia, a settlement dating back to the Pfyn culture, as capital city. The area later became part of the lands of the diocese of Chur. The late middle ages saw the foundation of the League of God's House, the Grey League and the League of the Ten Jurisdictions. In 1471 an alliance gave birth to the Three Leagues, and before the end of the 15th century, the latter became an ally of the Old Swiss Confederacy. In 1803 the Three Leagues finally became one of the cantons of the Confederation.
- ^ Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen accessed 27 October 2017
- ^ a b "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 January 2021). "Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 | Tabelle". Bundesamt für Statistik (in German). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). "Grisons". Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
- ^ "Welcome Bainvegni Benvenuti". Kanton Graubünden Chantun Grischun Cantone dei Grigioni. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ Benjamin R. Barber, The Death of Communal Liberty: A History of Freedom in a Swiss Mountain Canton, p. 13, Princeton University Press, 8 March 2015. ("Graubünden, in fact, has often been dubbed die kleine Schweiz (little Switzerland).")
- ^ Julia Nourney, Tom Wyss. "Graubünden", Whisky Trails Schweiz: Ein Reisehandbuch, Reiseratte, 2015. ("Kulinarisch ist Graubünden, das auch gern als die «kleine Schweiz in der Schweiz» bezeichnet wird, etwas ganz Besonderes.")
- ^ "Survey of the Grisons". Kanton Graubünden Chantun Grischun Cantone dei Grigioni. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ Kanton Graubünden (11 December 2012). "Grisons the movie". YouTube. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
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