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HPV vaccine

HPV vaccine
Vaccine description
TargetHuman papillomavirus (HPV)
Vaccine typeProtein subunit
Clinical data
Trade namesGardasil, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa615028
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		Intramuscular injection
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
ChemSpider
  • none
KEGG
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are vaccines intended to provide acquired immunity against infection by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).[20] The first HPV vaccine became available in 2006.[20][21] Currently there are six licensed HPV vaccines: three bivalent (protect against two types of HPV), two quadrivalent (against four), and one nonavalent vaccine (against nine)[22][23] All have excellent safety profiles and are highly efficacious, or have met immunobridging standards.[20]: 668  All of them protect against HPV types 16 and 18, which are together responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases globally.[22] The quadrivalent vaccines provide additional protection against HPV types 6 and 11.[22] The nonavalent provides additional protection against HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58.[22] It is estimated that HPV vaccines may prevent 70% of cervical cancer, 80% of anal cancer, 60% of vaginal cancer, 40% of vulvar cancer, and show more than 90% effectiveness in preventing HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers.[24][25][26][27] They also protect against penile cancer.[28] They additionally prevent genital warts (also known as anogenital warts), with the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines providing virtually complete protection.[22][20] The WHO recommends a one or two-dose schedule for girls aged 9–14 years, the same for girls and women aged 15–20 years, and two doses with a 6-month interval for women older than 21 years.[29][20] The vaccines provide protection for at least five to ten years.[20]

The primary target group in most of the countries recommending HPV vaccination is young adolescent girls, aged 9–14.[22] The vaccination schedule depends on the age of the vaccine recipient.[22] As of 2023, 27% of girls aged 9–14 years worldwide received at least one dose (37 countries were implementing the single-dose schedule, 45% of girls aged 9–14 years old vaccinated in that year).[30][31] As of September 2024, 57 countries are implementing the single-dose schedule.[30] At least 144 countries (at least 74% of WHO member states) provided the HPV vaccine in their national immunization schedule for girls, as of November 2024.[32][31] As of 2022, 47 countries (24% of WHO member states) also did it for boys.[20]: 654  Vaccinating a large portion of the population may also benefit the unvaccinated by way of herd immunity.[33]

The HPV vaccine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[34] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends HPV vaccines as part of routine vaccinations in all countries, along with other prevention measures.[20] The WHO's priority purpose of HPV immunization is the prevention of cervical cancer, which accounts for 82% of all HPV-related cancers and more than 95% of which are caused by HPV.[20][30] 88% (2020 figure) of cervical cancers and 90% of deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries and 2% (2020 figure) in high-income countries.[20]: 650 [30] The WHO-recommended primary target population for HPV vaccination is girls aged 9–14 years before they become sexually active.[20]: 669  It aims the introduction of the HPV vaccine in all countries and has set a target of reaching a coverage of 90% of girls fully vaccinated with HPV vaccine by age 15 years.[31][35] Females aged ≥15 years, boys, older males or men who have sex with men (MSM) are secondary target populations.[20] HPV vaccination is the most cost-effective public health measure against cervical cancer, particularly in resource-constrained settings.[36][20]: 666  Cervical cancer screening is still required following vaccination.[20]

  1. ^ "Human papillomavirus vaccine Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 11 February 2019. Archived from the original on 5 April 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  2. ^ "Gardasil HPV 6 L1 Protein / HPV 11 L1 Protein / HPV 16 L1 Protein / HPV 18 L1 Protein 20,40,40,20 micrograms/0.5mL sterile liquid syringe". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  3. ^ "Gardasil 9 Human Papillomavirus 9-valent Vaccine, Recombinant, 30, 40, 60, 40, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20 micrograms/0.5mL, suspension for injection, syringe". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Gardasil 9 Human Papillomavirus 9-valent Vaccine, Recombinant, 30, 40, 60, 40, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20 micrograms / 0.5mL, suspension for injection, vial". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  5. ^ "Gardasil (human papillomavirus vaccine)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 24 June 2010. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  6. ^ "AusPAR: Human papillomavirus quadrivalent vaccine". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  7. ^ "AusPAR: Human Papillomavirus 9 valent vaccine". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 16 January 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  8. ^ "AusPAR: Human papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16 & 18) quadrivalent recombinant vaccine". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 7 June 2012. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Gardasil Product information". Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  10. ^ "Gardasil 9 Product information". Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  11. ^ "Gardasil 9 suspension for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Gardasil suspension for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 7 May 2019. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  13. ^ "Gardasil- human papillomavirus quadrivalent- types 6, 11, 16, and 18 vaccine, recombinant injection, suspension". DailyMed. 2 December 2020. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  14. ^ "Gardasil 9- human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine, recombinant injection, suspension". DailyMed. 20 August 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  15. ^ "Cervarix". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 4 October 2022. STN:BL 125259. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  16. ^ "Silgard EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  17. ^ "Gardasil 9 EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  18. ^ "Gardasil EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  19. ^ "Cervarix EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 20 September 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n World Health Organization (December 2022). "Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper (2022 update)". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 97 (50): 645–672. hdl:10665/365351.
  21. ^ World Health Organization (May 2011). The immunological basis for immunization series: module 19: human papillomavirus infection. World Health Organization. hdl:10665/44604. ISBN 9789241501590.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference WHOcurrentdata was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Kash N, Lee MA, Kollipara R, Downing C, Guidry J, Tyring SK (April 2015). "Safety and Efficacy Data on Vaccines and Immunization to Human Papillomavirus". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 4 (4): 614–633. doi:10.3390/jcm4040614. PMC 4470159. PMID 26239350. S2CID 14149551.
  24. ^ De Vuyst H, Clifford GM, Nascimento MC, Madeleine MM, Franceschi S (April 2009). "Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva, vagina and anus: a meta-analysis". International Journal of Cancer. 124 (7): 1626–1636. doi:10.1002/ijc.24116. PMID 19115209. S2CID 24197494.
  25. ^ Takes RP, Wierzbicka M, D'Souza G, Jackowska J, Silver CE, Rodrigo JP, et al. (December 2015). "HPV vaccination to prevent oropharyngeal carcinoma: What can be learned from anogenital vaccination programs?". Oral Oncology. 51 (12): 1057–1060. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.10.011. PMID 26520047. S2CID 23356354.
  26. ^ Thaxton L, Waxman AG (May 2015). "Cervical cancer prevention: immunization and screening 2015". The Medical Clinics of North America. 99 (3): 469–477. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.003. PMID 25841595. S2CID 2828633.
  27. ^ Anjum F, Zohaib J (4 December 2020). "Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma". StatPearls (Updated ed.). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. doi:10.32388/G6TG1L. PMID 33085415. S2CID 229252540. Bookshelf ID: NBK563268. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021 – via NCBI.
  28. ^ "HPV Vaccines". American Cancer Society. 30 April 2024. Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  29. ^ "WHO updates recommendations on HPV vaccination schedule". World Health Organization. 20 December 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  30. ^ a b c d "WHO adds an HPV vaccine for single-dose use". World Health Organization. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
  31. ^ a b c "Immunization coverage". World Health Organization. 15 July 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  32. ^ "WHO and partners rally cervical cancer elimination efforts". World Health Organization. 17 November 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  33. ^ Saville AM (April 2016). "Cervical cancer prevention in Australia: Planning for the future". Cancer Cytopathology. 124 (4): 235–240. doi:10.1002/cncy.21643. PMID 26619381.
  34. ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
  35. ^ "Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem". World Health Organization. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  36. ^ "Immunizing against HPV". World Health Organization. Retrieved 6 October 2024.

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لقاح فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري Arabic واکسن پاپیلوما ویروس انسانی AZB এইচপিভি টিকা Bengali/Bangla མིའི་རིགས་རྣ་ལྷན་འབུར་ནད་དུག་རིམས་འགོག་སྨན་ཁབ་ BO Vaccí contra el papil·lomavirus humà Catalan HPV-vaccination Danish HPV-Impfstoff German Απλά εμβόλια κατά του ιού HPV Greek Vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano Spanish واکسن پاپیلوما ویروس انسانی FA

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