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Hungary
 |
Hungary Magyarország (Hungarian) | |
|---|---|
| Anthem: "Himnusz" (Hungarian)[1] (English: "Hymn") | |
![Location of Hungary (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – [Legend]](view.php?q=Hungary&sq=crain_ford&lang=en&file=File:EU-Hungary.svg) Location of Hungary (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |
| Capital and largest city | Budapest 47°26′N 19°15′E / 47.433°N 19.250°E |
| Official languages | Hungarian[2] |
| Ethnic groups (2022 census) |
|
| Religion (2022 census)[3] |
|
| Demonym(s) | Hungarian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
| Tamás Sulyok | |
| Viktor Orbán | |
• Speaker | László Kövér |
| Legislature | National Assembly |
| Formation | |
| 862–895[4] | |
| 895[5] | |
| 25 December 1000[6] | |
| 24 April 1222 | |
| 29 August 1526 | |
| 2 September 1686 | |
| 15 March 1848 | |
| 30 March 1867 | |
| 4 June 1920 | |
| 23 October 1989 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 93,030[7] km2 (35,920 sq mi) (108th) |
• Water (%) | 3.7[7] |
| Population | |
• January 2024 estimate | 9,584,627[8] (95th) |
• 2022 census | 9,603,634[9] |
• Density | 103/km2 (266.8/sq mi) (78th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |  $448.456 billion[10] (53rd) |
• Per capita | $46,807[10] (43rd) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $228.806 billion[10] (57th) |
• Per capita | $23,881[10] (49th) |
| Gini (2023) |  29.0[11]low inequality |
| HDI (2022) | 0.851[12] very high (47th) |
| Currency | Forint (HUF) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Calling code | +36 |
| ISO 3166 code | HU |
| Internet TLD | .hu |
Hungary[a] is a landlocked country in Central Europe.[2] Spanning much of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary lies within the drainage basin of the Danube River and is dominated by great lowland plains. It has a population of 9.5 million, comprised mostly of ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian is the official language. Budapest is the country's capital and largest city, and the dominant cultural and economic center.[13]
Various peoples have settled in the territory of present-day Hungary, including the Celts, Romans, Huns, Germanic peoples, Avars and Slavs. Hungarian statehood is traced to the Principality of Hungary, which was established in the late ninth century by Álmos and his son Árpád through the conquest of the Carpathian Basin.[14][15] King Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 and converted his realm to a Christian kingdom. The medieval Kingdom of Hungary was a European power, reaching its height in the Late Middle Ages.[16] A series of wars with the Ottomans resulted in partial occupation for the next 150 years. Hungary was reunited under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century. Wars of independence in 1703–1711 and 1848–1849 resulted in a compromise that established the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1867. Austria-Hungary was major power into the early 20th century,[17] when it collapsed after World War I; the subsequent Treaty of Trianon in 1920 established Hungary's current borders, resulting in the loss of 71% of its historical territory, 58% of its population, and 32% of its ethnic Hungarians.[18][19][20]
Reeling from the aftermath of the war, Hungary endured turmoil in the early interwar period, culminating in the nationalist conservative regime of de facto ruler Miklós Horthy. Hungary joined the Axis powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties.[21][22] It was occupied by the Soviet Union, which established the Hungarian People's Republic as a satellite state. Following the failed 1956 revolution, Hungary became comparatively freer but remained a repressed member of the Eastern Bloc. As part of the Revolutions of 1989, Hungary peacefully transitioned into a democratic parliamentary republic.[23] It joined the European Union in 2004 and the Schengen Area since 2007. Since the election of Viktor Orbán in 2010, Hungary has undergone democratic backsliding and become an illiberal democracy and hybrid regime.
Hungary is a high-income economy with universal health care and tuition-free secondary education.[24][25] Hungary has a long history of significant contributions to arts, music, literature, sports, science and technology.[26][27][28][29] It is a popular tourist destination in Europe, drawing 24.5 million international visitors in 2019.[30] Hungary is a member of numerous international organisations, including the Council of Europe, European Union, NATO, United Nations, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the Visegrád Group.[31]
- ^ "The Story Behind the Hungarian National Anthem". Jules S. Vállay. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ^ a b "The Fundamental Law of Hungary" (PDF). Hungarian State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ^ "A népesség vallás, felekezet és nemek szerint: népszámlálások 1930, 1949, 2001, 2011, 2022" [Population by religion, denomination and gender: censuses 1930, 1949, 2001, 2011, 2022] (XLSX file) (official statistics). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 26 September 2023.
- ^ Történelem 5. az általános iskolások számára [History 5. for primary school students] (PDF) (in Hungarian). Oktatási Hivatal (Hungarian Educational Authority). 2020. pp. 15, 112, 116, 137, 138, 141. ISBN 978-615-6178-37-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
- ^ Encyclopedia Americana: Heart to India. Vol. 1. Scholastic Library Pub. 2006. p. 581. ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6.
- ^ University of British Columbia. Committee for Medieval Studies, Studies in medieval and renaissance history, Committee for Medieval Studies, University of British Columbia, 1980, p. 159
- ^ a b "Hungary". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
- ^ "22.1.2.1. Resident population by sex, county and region, 1 January (annual series)". www.ksh.hu. Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH). Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ "2022 Hungarian census". www.ksh.hu. Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH). 7 December 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Hungary)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. p. 288. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ "Hungary - Rivers, Plains, Soils | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 22 December 2024. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
- ^ "Hungary in the Carpathian Basin" (PDF). Lajos Gubcsi. 6 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
- ^ Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Vol. 36. Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences). 1982. p. 419.
- ^ Kristó Gyula – Barta János – Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, ISBN 963-9252-56-5, p. 687, pp. 37, pp. 113 ("Magyarország a 12. század második felére jelentős európai tényezővé, középhatalommá vált"/"By the 12th century Hungary became an important European constituent, became a middle power", "A Nyugat részévé vált Magyarország ... /Hungary became part of the West"), pp. 616–644
- ^ "Austria-Hungary, HISTORICAL EMPIRE, EUROPE". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
- ^ Richard C. Frucht (31 December 2004). Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 360. ISBN 978-1-57607-800-6.
- ^ "Trianon, Treaty of". The Columbia Encyclopedia. 2009.
- ^ "Text of the Treaty, Treaty of Peace Between The Allied and Associated Powers and Hungary And Protocol and Declaration, Signed at Trianon June 4, 1920". Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ Hungary: The Unwilling Satellite Archived 16 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine John F. Montgomery, Hungary: The Unwilling Satellite. Devin-Adair Company, New York, 1947. Reprint: Simon Publications, 2002.
- ^ Thomas, The Royal Hungarian Army in World War II, pg. 11
- ^ "1989. évi XXXI. törvény az Alkotmány módosításáról" [Act XXXI of 1989 on the Amendment of the Constitution]. Magyar Közlöny (in Hungarian). 44 (74). Budapest: Pallas Lap- és Könyvkiadó Vállalat: 1219. 23 October 1989.
- ^ OECD (27 June 2013). "OECD Health Data: Social protection". OECD Health Statistics (Database). doi:10.1787/data-00544-en. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ Eurydice. "Compulsory Education in Europe 2013/2014" (PDF). European commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
- ^ "Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners, 13 Hungarian win Nobel Prize yet". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
- ^ "Population per Gold Medal. Hungary has the second highest gold medal per capita in the world. All together it has 175 gold medal until 2016". medalspercapita.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ^ Hungarian literature – ”Popular poetry is the only real poetry was the opinion of Sándor Petőfi, one of the greatest Hungarian poets, whose best poems rank among the masterpieces of world literature”., Encyclopædia Britannica, 2012 edition
- ^ Szalipszki, pg.12
Refers to the country as "widely considered" to be a "home of music". - ^ "STADAT – 4.5.3. The number of inbound trips to Hungary and the related expenditures by motivation (2009–)". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
- ^ "International organizations in Hungary". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
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