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Inductivism
Inductivism is the traditional and still commonplace philosophy of scientific method to develop scientific theories.[1][2][3][4] Inductivism aims to neutrally observe a domain, infer laws from examined cases—hence, inductive reasoning—and thus objectively discover the sole naturally true theory of the observed.[5]
Inductivism's basis is, in sum, "the idea that theories can be derived from, or established on the basis of, facts".[6] Evolving in phases, inductivism's conceptual reign spanned four centuries since Francis Bacon's 1620 proposal of such against Western Europe's prevailing model, scholasticism, which reasoned deductively from preconceived beliefs.[5][7]
In the 19th and 20th centuries, inductivism succumbed to hypotheticodeductivism—sometimes worded deductivism—as scientific method's realistic idealization.[8] Yet scientific theories as such are now widely attributed to occasions of inference to the best explanation, IBE, which, like scientists' actual methods, are diverse and not formally prescribable.[9][10]
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:3was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ James Ladyman, Understanding Philosophy of Science (London & New York: Routledge, 2002), pp 51–58
- ^ Alan Francis Chalmers, What is this Thing Called Science?, 3rd edn (St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1999), pp 49–58, particularly 49–50, 53–54 & 58.
- ^ a b John Pheby, Methodology and Economics: A Critical Introduction (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1988), p 3.
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