Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa

Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
Rossa, c. 1900
Member of Parliament for Tipperary
In office November 1869 – February 1870
Personal details
Born	Jeremiah Donovan before 4 September 1831 Reanascreena, Rosscarbery, County Cork, Ireland
Died	29 June 1915 (aged 83) Staten Island, New York, U.S.
Spouses	Honora "Nora" Eager Ellen Buckley (Eileán Ní Bhuachalla) Mary Jane Irwin
Military service
Allegiance	Fenian Brotherhood Irish Republican Brotherhood Clan na Gael United Irishmen of America
Years of service	1858–1915
Battles/wars	Fenian Rising Fenian dynamite campaign

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Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa (Irish: Diarmaid Ó Donnabháin Rosa;^[1] 4 September 1831 (baptised) – 29 June 1915)^[2] was an Irish Fenian leader who was one of the leading members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB). Born and raised in Rosscarbery, County Cork, he witnessed the Great Famine. Rossa founded the Phoenix National and Literary Society and dedicated his life to working towards the establishment of an independent Irish Republic. He joined the IRB, was arrested by the British and sentenced to life imprisonment. In 1869 he was elected to the British parliament while in prison. After being exiled to the United States in 1870 as part of the Cuba Five amnesty, Rossa worked with other Irish revolutionary organisations there to oppose British rule in Ireland.

Rossa was one of the primary advocates of physical force Irish republicanism and organised the Fenian dynamite campaign, which saw Irish republican groups carry out bombing attacks in Great Britain, targeting both government and civilian targets. The campaign caused widespread outrage among the British public, and Rossa was subject to a failed assassination attempt from an Englishwoman in 1885, the same year the campaign ended. Following his death in 1915, he was buried in Dublin's Glasnevin Cemetery, and Rossa's funeral served as a major rallying point for Irish republicans and is often cited as a direct stepping stone towards the events of the Easter Rising in 1916.