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John Henry Newman
John Henry Newman | |||||||||||||||||
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| Cardinal-Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro | |||||||||||||||||
 Photograph by Herbert Rose Barraud, c. 1885 | |||||||||||||||||
| Church | Catholic Church | ||||||||||||||||
| Appointed | 12 May 1879 | ||||||||||||||||
| Term ended | 11 August 1890 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Tommaso Martinelli | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Francis Aidan Gasquet | ||||||||||||||||
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| Created cardinal | 12 May 1879 by Pope Leo XIII | ||||||||||||||||
| Rank | Cardinal deacon | ||||||||||||||||
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| Born | John Henry Newman 21 February 1801 London, England | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | 11 August 1890 (aged 89) Edgbaston, Birmingham, England | ||||||||||||||||
| Buried | Oratory Retreat Cemetery Rednal, Metropolitan Borough of Birmingham, West Midlands, England | ||||||||||||||||
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| Education | Trinity College, Oxford | ||||||||||||||||
| Motto | Cor ad cor loquitur ('Heart speaks unto heart') | ||||||||||||||||
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| Beatified | 19 September 2010 Cofton Park, Birmingham, England by Pope Benedict XVI | ||||||||||||||||
| Canonized | 13 October 2019 Saint Peter's Square,[1] Vatican City by Pope Francis | ||||||||||||||||
| Attributes | Cardinal's attire, Oratorian habit | ||||||||||||||||
| Patronage | Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham; poets | ||||||||||||||||
| Shrines | Birmingham Oratory | ||||||||||||||||
Philosophy career | |||||||||||||||||
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| Era | 19th-century philosophy | ||||||||||||||||
| Region | Western philosophy | ||||||||||||||||
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| This article is part of a series on |
| Conservatism in the United Kingdom |
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John Henry Newman CO (21 February 1801 – 11 August 1890) was an English Catholic theologian, academic, philosopher, historian, writer, and poet. He was previously an Anglican priest and after his conversion became a cardinal. He was an important and controversial figure in the religious history of England in the 19th century and was known nationally by the mid-1830s.[11] He was canonised as a Catholic saint in 2019. He was a member of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri.
Originally an evangelical academic at the University of Oxford and priest in the Church of England, Newman was drawn to the high church tradition of Anglicanism. He became one of the more notable leaders of the Oxford Movement, an influential and controversial grouping of Anglicans who wished to restore to the Church of England many Catholic beliefs and liturgical rituals from before the English Reformation. In this, the movement had some success. After publishing his controversial Tract 90 in 1841, Newman later wrote: "I was on my death-bed, as regards my membership with the Anglican Church."[12]
In 1845, Newman resigned his teaching post at Oxford University, and, joined by some but not all of his followers, officially left the Church of England and was received into the Catholic Church. He was quickly ordained as a priest and continued as an influential religious leader, based in Birmingham. In 1879, he was created a cardinal by Pope Leo XIII in recognition of his services to the cause of the Catholic Church in England. He was instrumental in the founding of the Catholic University of Ireland in 1854, which later became University College Dublin.[13]
Newman was also a literary figure: his major writings include the Tracts for the Times (1833–1841), his autobiography Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1864), the Grammar of Assent (1870), and the poem The Dream of Gerontius (1865),[14] which was set to music in 1900 by Edward Elgar. He wrote the popular hymns "Lead, Kindly Light", "Firmly I believe, and truly", and "Praise to the Holiest in the Height" (the latter two taken from Gerontius).
Newman's beatification was proclaimed by Pope Benedict XVI on 19 September 2010 during his visit to the United Kingdom.[15] His canonisation was officially approved by Pope Francis on 12 February 2019,[16] and took place on 13 October 2019.[17] He is the fifth saint of the City of London, after Thomas Becket (born in Cheapside), Thomas More (born on Milk Street), Edmund Campion (son of a London bookseller) and Polydore Plasden (of Fleet Street).[18][19]
- ^ Burger, John (14 September 2019). "Prince Charles plans to attend Cardinal Newman's canonization". Archived from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
- ^ Joshua P. Hochschild, "The Re-Imagined Aristotelianism of John Henry Newman".
- ^ John Henry Newman, Empiricist Philosophy, and the Certainty of Faith, University of Oxford, 1974.
- ^ Parkinson 1988, p. 344
- ^ "John Henry Newman | "CATHOLICISM: The Pivotal Players"". 9 October 2019. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019 – via www.youtube.com.
- ^ Ward, Wilfrid Philip (1912). The Life of John Henry, Cardinal Newman: Based on His Private Journals and Correspondence, Volume 1. Longmans, Green, and Company. p. 472.
- ^ Chadwick, Owen (2002). Acton and History. Cambridge University Press. p. 124.
- ^ Pezzimenti, Rocco (2001). The Political Thought of Lord Acton: The English Catholics in the Nineteenth Century. Gracewing Publishing. p. 109.
- ^ a b Fr Raymond de Souza (10 October 2019). "How Benedict XVI and Leo XIII were inspired by Newman". Catholic Herald. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d e "St. John Henry Cardinal Newman [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ Gilley 2003, p. 201.
- ^ John Henry, Newman (1864). Apologia Pro Vita Sua. pp. Part 6, Article 1.
- ^ Martin 1990, pp. 96–112.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
CEncwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Pope Beatifies Cardinal Newman as His UK Tour Ends (with video clip)". BBC News. 19 September 2010. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ^ Brockhaus, Hannah. "Pope Francis Approves Canonization of John Henry Newman". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
- ^ "Pope to Canonize Newman and Four Others on 13 October – Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. 1 July 2019. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- ^ Eamon Duffy, "Newman and the Limits of Literalism", The Tablet, 13 July 2019, p. 15.
- ^ John M. Wilkins, "Letters", The Tablet, 20 July 2019, p. 18.
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