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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg in 1951
Born
  • Julius Rosenberg
    (1918-05-12)May 12, 1918
    Manhattan, New York, U.S.
  • Ethel Greenglass
    (1915-09-28)September 28, 1915
    Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Died
  • Julius
    June 19, 1953(1953-06-19) (aged 35)
    Sing Sing Prison, Ossining, New York, U.S.
  • Ethel
    June 19, 1953(1953-06-19) (aged 37)
    Sing Sing Prison, Ossining, New York, U.S.
Cause of deathExecution by electrocution
Resting placeWellwood Cemetery, New York, U.S.
Criminal statusExecuted (June 19, 1953 (1953-06-19))
Children
Conviction(s)Conspiracy to commit espionage (50 U.S.C. § 32)
Criminal penaltyDeath by electrocution

Julius Rosenberg (May 12, 1918 – June 19, 1953) and Ethel Rosenberg (née Greenglass; September 28, 1915 – June 19, 1953) were an American married couple who were convicted of spying for the Soviet Union, including providing top-secret information about American radar, sonar, jet propulsion engines, and nuclear weapon designs. Convicted of espionage in 1951, they were executed by the federal government of the United States in 1953 using New York's state execution chamber in Sing Sing in Ossining,[1] New York, becoming the first American civilians to be executed for such charges and the first to be executed during peacetime.[2][3][4][5] Other convicted co-conspirators were sentenced to prison, including Ethel's brother, David Greenglass (who had made a plea agreement), Harry Gold, and Morton Sobell. Klaus Fuchs, a German scientist working at Los Alamos Laboratory, was convicted in the United Kingdom.[6][7] For decades, many people, including the Rosenbergs' sons (Michael and Robert Meeropol), have maintained that Ethel was innocent of spying and have sought an exoneration on her behalf from multiple U.S. presidents.[8]

Among records the U.S. government declassified after the fall of the Soviet Union are many related to the Rosenbergs, included a trove of decoded Soviet cables (code-name Venona), which detailed Julius's role as a courier and recruiter for the Soviets. In 2008, the National Archives of the United States published most of the grand jury testimony related to the prosecution of the Rosenbergs.[9] Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests filed about the Rosenbergs and the legal case against them have resulted in additional U.S. government records being made public, including formerly classified materials from U.S. intelligence agencies. In September 2024, a new document was released in response to a FOIA request filed by the couple's sons. Written a week after Ethel's arrest by the National Security Agency's chief decryptor and analyst, this 1950 memo provides an analysis of the decrypted Soviet Union intelligence on Julius and Ethel, reviewing Julius' spying activities and codenames, and concluding that Ethel was not engaged in espionage work for the Soviet Union.[10]

  1. ^ The Federal government has the power to use state correctional centers to carry out its executions as per 18 U.S. Code § 3597.
  2. ^ Radosh, Ronald (June 10, 2016). "Rosenbergs Redux". Archived from the original on July 3, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  3. ^ "What the K.G.B. Files Show About Ethel Rosenberg". The New York Times. August 13, 2015. Archived from the original on November 7, 2016. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  4. ^ Radosh, Ronald; Klehr, Harvey; Haynes, John Earl; Hornblum, Allen M.; Usdin, Steven (October 17, 2014). "The New York Times Gets Greenglass Wrong". Weekly Standard. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  5. ^ "Julius Rosenberg and Ethel Rosenberg". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2020. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
  6. ^ Ranzal, Edward (March 19, 1953). "Greenglass, in Prison, Vows to Kin He Told Truth about Rosenbergs". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2008. David Greenglass, serving 15 years as a confessed atom spy, denied to members of his family recently that he had been coached by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the drawing of segments of the atom bomb.
  7. ^ Whitman, Alden (February 14, 1974). "1972 Death of Harry Gold Revealed". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 28, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2008. Harry Gold, who served fifteen years in Federal prison as a confessed atomic spy courier, for Klaus Fuchs, a Soviet agent, and who was a key Government witness in the Julius and Ethel Rosenberg espionage case in 1951, died 18 months ago in Philadelphia.
  8. ^ "Exonerate Ethel". Rosenberg Fund for Children. September 10, 2024. Archived from the original on September 30, 2024. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  9. ^ "National Archives of the United States of America". National Archives Catalog. National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on December 3, 2022. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
  10. ^ Tucker, Eric (September 10, 2024). "Declassified documents shed light on Ethel Rosenberg's involvement in her husband's Cold War spy case". PBS News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 30, 2024. Retrieved September 29, 2024.

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جوليوس وإيثل روزنبرغ Arabic Етел и Юлиус Розенберг Bulgarian Ethel i Julius Rosenberg Catalan Julius a Ethel Rosenbergovi Czech Юлиус тата Этель Розенбергсем CV Julius og Ethel Rosenberg Danish Ethel und Julius Rosenberg German Τζούλιους και Έθελ Ρόζενμπεργκ Greek Ethel kaj Julius Rosenberg EO Ethel y Julius Rosenberg Spanish

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