Kazimierz Twardowski

Kazimierz Twardowski
Kazimierz Twardowski
Born	20 October 1866; Vienna, Austrian Empire
Died	11 February 1938 (aged 71); Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine)
Nationality	Polish
Education	University of Vienna; (Ph.D., 1891; Dr. phil. hab., 1894)
Era	19th-century philosophy; 20th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy Polish philosophy;
School	Lwów–Warsaw school (founder) School of Brentano; Empiricism
Institutions	University of Vienna; (1894–1895); Lwów University; (1895–1930); Polish Philosophical Society (1904–1938, founder)
Theses	Über den Unterschied zwischen der klaren und deutlichen Perception und der klaren und deutlichen Idee bei Descartes (On the difference between clear and distinct perception and between clear and distinct ideas in Descartes) (1891); Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen (On the Doctrine of the Content and Object of Presentations) (1894);
Doctoral advisor	Robert von Zimmermann
Other academic advisors	Franz Brentano
Doctoral students	Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz; Stefan Banach; Tadeusz Kotarbiński; Stanisław Leśniewski; Jan Łukasiewicz; Bronislaw Bandrowski; Władysław Witwicki
Main interests	Empirical psychology; Logic; Pedagogy;
Notable ideas	Content–Object distinction; Lwów–Warsaw school

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Kazimierz Jerzy Skrzypna-Twardowski (20 October 1866 – 11 February 1938) was a Polish philosopher, psychologist, logician, and rector of the Lwów University. He was initially affiliated with Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory.^[1]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Betti, Arianna. "Kazimierz Twardowski". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
^ ^a ^b Maria van der Schaar (2015), p. 53.
^ Simons (2013), p. 15.
^ Maria van der Schaar, Kazimierz Twardowski: A Grammar for Philosophy, Brill, 2015, p. 53; Peter M. Simons, Philosophy and Logic in Central Europe from Bolzano to Tarski: Selected Essays, Springer, 2013, p. 15.
^ Wolfgang Huemer, "Husserl's critique of psychologism and his relation to the Brentano school", in: Arkadiusz Chrudzimski and Wolfgang Huemer (eds.), Phenomenology and Analysis: Essays on Central European Philosophy, Walter de Gruyter, 2004, p. 210.
^ Grossmann, Reinhardt (2005). "Meinong, Alexius". In Honderich, Ted (ed.). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-926479-1.
^ Liliana Albertazzi, Immanent Realism: An Introduction to Brentano, Springer, 2006, p. 321.

Kazimierz Twardowski

Born	(1866-10-20)20 October 1866 Vienna, Austrian Empire
Died	11 February 1938(1938-02-11) (aged 71) Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine)
Nationality	Polish
Education	University of Vienna (Ph.D., 1891; Dr. phil. hab., 1894)

Era	19th-century philosophy 20th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy Polish philosophy
School	Lwów–Warsaw school (founder) School of Brentano Empiricism^[1]
Institutions	University of Vienna (1894–1895) Lwów University (1895–1930) Polish Philosophical Society (1904–1938, founder)
Theses	Über den Unterschied zwischen der klaren und deutlichen Perception und der klaren und deutlichen Idee bei Descartes (On the difference between clear and distinct perception and between clear and distinct ideas in Descartes) (1891) Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen (On the Doctrine of the Content and Object of Presentations) (1894)
Doctoral advisor	Robert von Zimmermann
Other academic advisors	Franz Brentano
Doctoral students	Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz Stefan Banach Tadeusz Kotarbiński Stanisław Leśniewski Jan Łukasiewicz Bronislaw Bandrowski Władysław Witwicki
Main interests	Empirical psychology^[1] Logic Pedagogy
Notable ideas	Content–Object distinction Lwów–Warsaw school