Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (abbreviated NMC, Li-NMC, LNMC, or NCM) are mixed metal oxides of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt with the general formula LiNi_xMn_yCo_1-x-yO₂. These materials are commonly used in lithium-ion batteries for mobile devices and electric vehicles, acting as the positively charged cathode.

There is a particular interest in optimizing NMC for electric vehicle applications because of the material's high energy density and operating voltage. Reducing the cobalt content in NMC is also a current target, due to metal's high cost.^[1] Furthermore, an increased nickel content provides more capacity within the stable operation window.^[2]

^ Warner, John T. (2019-01-01), Warner, John T. (ed.), "Chapter 8 - The materials", Lithium-Ion Battery Chemistries, Elsevier, pp. 171–217, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814778-8.00008-9, ISBN 978-0-12-814778-8, S2CID 239383589, retrieved 2023-04-02, p. 179: However, due to its very high cost most manufacturers are looking for opportunities to reduce the amount of cobalt in their cells.
^ Oswald, Stefan; Gasteiger, Hubert A. (2023-03-01). "The Structural Stability Limit of Layered Lithium Transition Metal Oxides Due to Oxygen Release at High State of Charge and Its Dependence on the Nickel Content". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 170 (3): 030506. Bibcode:2023JElS..170c0506O. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/acbf80. ISSN 0013-4651. S2CID 258406065.

[1] Warner, John T. (2019-01-01), Warner, John T. (ed.), "Chapter 8 - The materials", Lithium-Ion Battery Chemistries, Elsevier, pp. 171–217, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814778-8.00008-9, ISBN 978-0-12-814778-8, S2CID 239383589, retrieved 2023-04-02, p. 179: However, due to its very high cost most manufacturers are looking for opportunities to reduce the amount of cobalt in their cells.

[2] Oswald, Stefan; Gasteiger, Hubert A. (2023-03-01). "The Structural Stability Limit of Layered Lithium Transition Metal Oxides Due to Oxygen Release at High State of Charge and Its Dependence on the Nickel Content". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 170 (3): 030506. Bibcode:2023JElS..170c0506O. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/acbf80. ISSN 0013-4651. S2CID 258406065.

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Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides

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