Livonian Crusade

Livonian Crusade
	Part of the Northern Crusades
	; A Teutonic Knight on the left and a Swordbrother on the right.
Date	24 July, 1198 – c. 1290 (92 years)
Location	Livonia
Result	Crusader victory;
Territorial; changes	Establishment of Terra Mariana
Belligerents
Crusaders Sword-Brothers; Livonian Order; Kingdom of Denmark; Bishopric of Riga; Kingdom of Sweden; Bishopric of Dorpat; Bishopric of Courland; Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek; christianized Livs, Latgalians, and Estonians; Novgorod Republic; Pskov Republic;	Baltic and Finnic pagans (indigenous peoples) Livs (Livonians); Latgalians; Curonians; Estonians Oeselians; Ungannians; ; Selonians; Semigallians; Vends; Grand Duchy of Lithuania Samogitians; Novgorod Republic; Pskov Republic; Principality of Polotsk;
Commanders and leaders
Volkwin †; Wenno; Wilken von Endorp †; Otto von Lutterberg †; Valdemar II of Denmark; Albert of Riga; Berthold of Hanover †; John of Sweden; Caupo of Turaida †; Tālivaldis of Tālava †;	Ako of Salaspils †; Vesceka of Kukenois †; Lembitu of Lehola †; Visvaldis of Jersika; Viestards of Tērvete; Nameisis of Zemgale; Vykintas of Samogitia; Treniota of Lithuania; Traidenis of Lithuania;

The Livonian crusade^[3]^[4] consists of the various military Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – modern Latvia and Estonia – during the Papal-sanctioned Northern Crusades in the 12th–13th century.

^ Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae... Cap. II, 6. S. 10.
^ "Crusaders on the Baltic Shore – The Livonian & Estonian Crusades (c. 1198 – 1290)". The Postgrad Chronicles. August 3, 2017.
^ Urban, William (1981). Livonian Crusade. University Press of America. ISBN 0-8191-1683-1.
^ Riley-Smith, Jonathan (2005). The Crusades: A History. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 161. ISBN 0-8264-7269-9.