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Maine

Maine
Nicknames
The Pine Tree State
Vacationland[1]
Motto(s)
"Dirigo"
(Latin for "I lead", "I guide", or "I direct")
Anthem: State of Maine
Map of the United States with Maine highlighted
Map of the United States with Maine highlighted
CountryUnited States
Before statehoodPart of Massachusetts (District of Maine)
Admitted to the UnionMarch 15, 1820 (1820-03-15) (23rd)
CapitalAugusta
Largest cityPortland
Largest county or equivalentCumberland
Largest metro and urban areasPortland
Government
 • GovernorJanet Mills (D)
 • Senate PresidentMattie Daughtry (D)[nb 1]
LegislatureState Legislature
 • Upper houseSenate
 • Lower houseHouse of Representatives
JudiciaryMaine Supreme Judicial Court
U.S. senatorsSusan Collins (R)
Angus King (I)
U.S. House delegation1. Chellie Pingree (D)
2. Jared Golden (D) (list)
Area
 • Total
35,385[2] sq mi (91,646 km2)
 • Land30,862 sq mi (80,005 km2)
 • Water4,523 sq mi (11,724 km2)  13.5%
 • Rank39th
Dimensions
 • Length320 mi (515 km)
 • Width205 mi (330 km)
Elevation
600 ft (180 m)
Highest elevation5,270 ft (1,606.4 m)
Lowest elevation0 ft (0 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
1,362,359
 • Rank42nd
 • Density43.8/sq mi (16.9/km2)
  • Rank38th
 • Median household income
$56,277[5]
 • Income rank
35th
DemonymMainer
Language
 • Spoken language
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
USPS abbreviation
ME
ISO 3166 codeUS-ME
Traditional abbreviationMe.
Latitude42° 58′ N to 47° 28′ N
Longitude66° 57′ W to 71° 5′ W (45°N 69°W / 45°N 69°W / 45; -69)
Websitemaine.gov
State symbols of Maine
List of state symbols
MottoDirigo
SloganThe Way Life Should Be
Song
Living insignia
BirdBlack-capped chickadee
ButterflyPink-edged Sulphur
Cat breedMaine Coon
CrustaceanLobster
FishLandlocked Atlantic salmon
FlowerWhite pine cone and tassel
FruitWild blueberry
InsectHoney bee
MammalMoose
PlantWintergreen
TreeWhite pine
Inanimate insignia
BeverageMoxie[7]
FoodBlueberry pie
Whoopie pie
FossilPertica quadrifaria
GemstoneTourmaline
RockGranitic pegmatite[8]
ShipBowdoin
SoilChesuncook soil
State route marker
Route marker
State quarter
Maine quarter dollar coin
Released in 2003
Lists of United States state symbols

Maine (/mn/ MAYN)[9] is a state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeastern most state in the Lower 48. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and northwest, and shares a maritime border with Nova Scotia. Maine is the largest state in New England by total area, nearly larger than the combined area of the remaining five states. Of the 50 U.S. states, it is the 12th-smallest by area, the 9th-least populous, the 13th-least densely populated, and the most rural.[10] Maine's capital is Augusta, and its most populous city is Portland, with a total population of 68,408, as of the 2020 census.

The territory of Maine has been inhabited by Indigenous populations[11] for about 12,000 years,[12] after the glaciers retreated during the last ice age. At the time of European arrival, several Algonquian-speaking nations governed the area and these nations are now known as the Wabanaki Confederacy. The first European settlement in the area was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, founded by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons. The first English settlement was the short-lived Popham Colony, established by the Plymouth Company in 1607. A number of English settlements were established along the coast of Maine in the 1620s, although the rugged climate and conflict with the local Indigenous people caused many to fail. As Maine entered the 18th century, only a half dozen European settlements had survived. Loyalist and Patriot forces contended for Maine's territory during the American Revolution. During the War of 1812, the largely undefended eastern region of Maine was occupied by British forces with the goal of annexing it to Canada via the Colony of New Ireland, but returned to the United States following failed British offensives on the northern border, mid-Atlantic and south which produced a peace treaty that restored the pre-war boundaries. Maine was part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until 1820 when it voted to secede from Massachusetts to become a separate state. On March 15, 1820, under the Missouri Compromise, Maine was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state.

Today, Maine is known for its jagged, rocky Atlantic Ocean and bay-shore coastlines, mountains, heavily forested interior, and its cuisine, particularly wild lowbush blueberries and seafood such as lobster and clams. Coastal and Down East Maine have emerged as important centers for the creative economy,[13] especially in the vicinity of Portland, which has also brought gentrification to the city and its metropolitan area.[14]

  1. ^ "Maine for Vacation". USA Today. Retrieved August 5, 2013. There's a reason it's called "Vacationland" ...
  2. ^ "State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates". Census.gov.
  3. ^ "Katahdin 2". NGS Data Sheet. National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
  4. ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
  5. ^ "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. September 22, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  6. ^ "Data Center Results". Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
  7. ^ "Title 1, §224: State soft drink". legislature.maine.gov.
  8. ^ "LD 269, SP 128, Text and Status, 131st Legislature, First Regular Session".
  9. ^ "Maine". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
  10. ^ Wickenheiser, Matt (March 26, 2012). "Census: Maine most rural state in 2010 as urban centers grow nationwide". Bangor Daily News. Archived from the original on April 23, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  11. ^ "Indigenous Peoples of North America". www.gale.com. Retrieved December 17, 2023.
  12. ^ "Wabanaki Nations". National Park Service. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  13. ^ "Maine's Creative Economy". Maine Arts Commission. Archived from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  14. ^ Currie, Ron (January 16, 2017). "Welcome to Portlyn". Down East Magazine. Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2021.


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