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Makassar people
ᨈᨕᨘᨆᨀᨔᨑ tu-Mangkasaraʼ (in Makasar) | |
|---|---|
 The native Makassar men performing Paraga in their traditional clothing. | |
| Total population | |
| 2,672,590 (2010 census)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Indonesia (2010 census) | 2,672,590[2] |
 South Sulawesi | 2,380,208 |
 Southeast Sulawesi | 59,301 |
 Papua | 41,239 |
 East Kalimantan | 31,701 |
 DKI Jakarta | 29,444 |
 West Sulawesi | 25,367 |
| Languages | |
Native:
Others:
| |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
The native Makassar, Macassar, Makassarese, Makassan or Macassan (in Australian English) are one of the indigenous Sulawesi people, native to the southern Celebic peninsular regions (concentrated around the Makassar area) in Indonesia. The Makassar people are rich in culture, they are acknowledged for their traditional culinary and maritime knowledges, altogether with the Bugis, its closest related ethnic group. The Phinisi, a worldwide well-known boatbuilding of Southern Sulawesi-origin, a joint invention of Bugis-Makassar people, is internationally inscribed as the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). They natively speak various Makassaric languages in respective native areas, and its standardized variation known as the Standard Makassar (additionally, they also speak Standard Indonesian; and admixture of both Standard Indonesian and Makassar is known as Makassar Indonesian).
The Makassar people are amongst the first native people who are endowed with the harvesting and processing knowledge of holothuroidea (sea cucumber, natively found betwen the Wallace and Weber line), and was spread to another regions beyond its native homeland throughout the Indonesian Archipelago to the Oceania (and some another regions of Asia–Pacific) due to their seafaring activity (mostly departed from Makassar port in Makassar Strait), their knowledge is better-known as trepanging (in Australian English), rooted from the native Makasar word “taripang” (lit. 'sea cucumber'). Furthermore, the knowledge in fauna sector is not an exception, the Makassar oil is one of it, a herbal oil extracted from their own Makassar ebony (mixed with another herbal ingredients), was famously used for haircare treatment amongst the Western Europeans. In several Oceanic countries, one of the ingredients for Makassar oil, the Cananga odorata, are still famously known as “Makassar” (but spelt in different orthographical rules of each respective country, such as Mokasoi in Fiji, Mohokoi in Tonga, Mosoʻoi in Samoa, etc.). Almost all Makassar trade activity was recorded as one of the important historical inter-native relationship and businesses of ancient times (especially with the Aboriginal Australians and several Oceanian natives).
Nowadays, the Makassar diaspora could be found across regions beyond their native homeland in southern Sulawesi; in Indonesia itself, the Makassar diaspora could be found in several regions of the Nusa Tenggara islands, the Pangkajene islands, parts of Sangkarang and Kangean archipelagoes, the pa-Mekasan region of Madura, parts of Kalimantan island, and so on. Meanwhile outside of Indonesia, the diasporic Makassar community could be found in Insular Southeast Asia and its vicinity (such as Australia, Thailand, etc.), as well as some African countries (such as Mozambique in Eastern Africa and South Africa in Southern Africa). It is also believed that the Makassar people are the cradle of Madagascar people (with migration route began from Southern Sulawesi to Southern Kalimantan, next to Java[3][4]: 311 [5]: 57 [6]: 51 around Sunda Strait, and straight to Madagascar), with tons of similarity could be found between the two.
- ^ Na'im, Akhsan; Syaputra, Hendry (2010). "Nationality, Ethnicity, Religion, and Languages of Indonesians" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
- ^ Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Badan Pusat Statistik. 2011. ISBN 9789790644175. Archived from the original on 2017-07-10.
- ^ Couto, Diogo do (1645). Da Ásia: Década Quarta. Lisbon: Regia Officina Typografica, 1778-1788. Reprint, Lisbon, 1974. Década IV, part iii, p. 169.
- ^ Hornell, James (December 1934). "Indonesian Influence on East African Culture". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 64: 305–332. doi:10.2307/2843812. JSTOR 2843812.
- ^ Reid, Anthony (2000). Charting the Shape of Early Modern Southeast Asia. Silkworm Books. ISBN 9747551063.
- ^ Manguin, Pierre-Yves (2016). "Austronesian Shipping in the Indian Ocean: From Outrigger Boats to Trading Ships". In Campbell, Gwyn (ed.). Early Exchange between Africa and the Wider Indian Ocean World. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 51–76. ISBN 9783319338224.
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