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Malabar Muslims
 A rebuilt structure of the old Cheraman Juma Mosque, Kodungallur | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| c. 6 million (2011)[1][2] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Kerala, Lakshadweep,[3] Tulu Nadu,[4] Kodagu, States of Persian Gulf[5] | |
| Languages | |
| Malayalam (Arabi Malayalam)[6][7] | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Beary, Kodava Maaple, Malayalis, Marakkars, Sri Lankan Moors |
| Part of a series on |
| Islam |
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Malabar Muslims or Muslim Mappilas are members of the Muslim community found predominantly in Kerala and the Lakshadweep islands in Southern India. The term Mappila (Ma-Pilla) is used to describe Malabar Muslims in Northern Kerala.[8][2][9][10] Muslims share the common language of Malayalam with the other religious communities of Kerala.[11][12]
According to some scholars, the Malabar Muslims are the oldest settled native Muslim community in South Asia.[2][13] In general, a Muslim Mappila is a descendant of Hindu lower caste natives who converted to Islam.[14][15] Mappilas are but one among the many communities that form the Muslim population of Kerala. No Census Report where the Muslim communities were mentioned separately is also available.[16][clarification needed]
The Muslim community originated primarily as a result of West Asian contacts with Kerala, which was fundamentally based upon commerce ("the spice trade").[9] As per local tradition, Islam reached the Malabar Coast and Kerala as early as the 7th century AD.[11] Before being overtaken by the Europeans in the spice trade, Malabar Muslims were a prosperous trading community, settling mainly in the coastal urban centres of Kerala. The continuous interaction of Mappilas with the Middle East has created a profound impact on their life, customs, and culture. This has resulted in the formation of a unique Indo-Islamic synthesis—within the large spectrum of Kerala culture—in literature, art, food, language, and music.[11][13]
Most Muslims in Kerala follow the Shafi'i school, while a large minority follow movements such as Salafism.[17][18] Contrary to a popular misconception, the caste system, like in other parts of South Asia, does exist among the Muslims of Kerala. (Although all Muslims are allowed to worship in all Kerala mosques, certain communities are held in "lower status" to others.)[19] A number of different communities, some of them having distant ethnic roots, exist as status groups in Kerala.[20]
- ^ T. Nandakumar, "54.72 % of population in Kerala are Hindus" The Hindu August 26, 2015 [1]
- ^ a b c Miller, Roland E. (27 April 2015). Mappila Muslim Culture. State University of New York Press. p. xi. ISBN 978-1-4384-5601-0.
- ^ William Logan (1887). Malabar Manual (Volume-I). Madras Government Press.
- ^ Upadhyaya, U. Padmanabha. Coastal Karnataka: Studies in Folkloristic and Linguistic Traditions of Dakshina Kannada Region of the Western Coast of India. Udupi: Rashtrakavi Govind Pai Samshodhana Kendra, 1996.P- ix . ISBN 81-86668-06-3 First All India Conference of Dravidian Linguistics, Thiruvananthapuram, 1973
- ^ Gulf Dream: For Indians The Golden Beaches Still gleam, Malayala Manorama Yearbook 1990;
- ^ Kottaparamban, Musadhique (1 October 2019). "Sea, community and language: a study on the origin and development of Arabi- Malayalam language of mappila muslims of Malabar". Muallim Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities: 406–416. doi:10.33306/mjssh/31. ISSN 2590-3691.
- ^ Kuzhiyan, Muneer Aram (2015). Poetics of Piety Devoting and Self Fashioning in the Mappila Literary Culture of South India (PhD). The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad. hdl:10603/213506.
- ^ Županov, Ines G. (2005). Missionary Tropics: The Catholic Frontier in India (16th–17th centuries). University of Michigan. p. 99 and note. ISBN 0-472-11490-5.
- ^ a b Panikkar, K. N. (1989). Against Lord and State: Religion and Peasant Uprisings in Malabar 1836–1921. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19562-139-6.
- ^ "Population by religious community – 2011". 2011 Census of India. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ^ a b c Miller, Roland. E., "Mappila" in "The Encyclopedia of Islam". Volume VI. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 1987 [2]. pp. 458–56.
- ^ "Oh! Calicut!". Outlook Traveller. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012. December, 2009
- ^ a b Miller, Roland E. (1988). "Mappila". The Encyclopedia of Islam. Vol. VI. E. J. Brill. pp. 458–66.
- ^ Hafiz Mohamad, N. P. "Socioeconomic determinants of the continuity of matrilocal family system among Mappila Muslims of Malabar" Unpublished Ph.D. thesis (2013) Department of History, University of Calicut [3]
- ^ P. P., Razak Abdul "Colonialism and community formation in Malabar: a study of Muslims of Malabar" Unpublished Ph.D. thesis (2013) Department of History, University of Calicut [4]
- ^ Kumhali, V. (1986). "Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798" (PDF). PhD Dissertation Aligarh Muslim University.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
brill1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Kerala Public Service Commission". Home 2. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ "Caste system exists among Muslims though not overtly".
- ^ Kunhali, V. "Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798" PhD Dissertation Aligarh Muslim University (1986) [5]
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