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Meteorite
A meteorite is a rock that originated in outer space and has fallen to the surface of a planet or moon. When the original object enters the atmosphere, various factors such as friction, pressure, and chemical interactions with the atmospheric gases cause it to heat up and radiate energy. It then becomes a meteor and forms a fireball, also known as a shooting star; astronomers call the brightest examples "bolides". Once it settles on the larger body's surface, the meteor becomes a meteorite. Meteorites vary greatly in size. For geologists, a bolide is a meteorite large enough to create an impact crater.[2]
Meteorites that are recovered after being observed as they transit the atmosphere and impact Earth are called meteorite falls. All others are known as meteorite finds. Meteorites have traditionally been divided into three broad categories: stony meteorites that are rocks, mainly composed of silicate minerals; iron meteorites that are largely composed of ferronickel; and stony-iron meteorites that contain large amounts of both metallic and rocky material. Modern classification schemes divide meteorites into groups according to their structure, chemical and isotopic composition and mineralogy. "Meteorites" less than ~1 mm in diameter are classified as micrometeorites, however micrometeorites differ from meteorites in that they typically melt completely in the atmosphere and fall to Earth as quenched droplets. Extraterrestrial meteorites have been found on the Moon and on Mars.[3][4][5]
Most space rocks crashing into Earth come from a single source. The origin of most meteorites can be traced to just a handful of asteroid breakup events – and possibly even individual asteroids.[6]
- ^ McSween, Harry (1999). Meteorites and their parent planets (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58303-9. OCLC 39210190.
- ^ C. Wylie Poag (1 April 1998). "Introduction: What is a Bolide?". The Chesapeake Bay Bolide: Modern Consequences of an Ancient Cataclysm. USGS Report. US Geological Survey, Woods Hole Field Center. p. 70. Bibcode:1998usgs.rept...70P. doi:10.3133/7000063. Archived from the original on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ^ McSween, Harry Y. Jr. (1976). "A new type of chondritic meteorite found in lunar soil". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 31 (2): 193–199. Bibcode:1976E&PSL..31..193M. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(76)90211-9.
- ^ Rubin, Alan E. (1997). "The Hadley Rille enstatite chondrite and its agglutinate-like rim: Impact melting during accretion to the Moon". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 32 (1): 135–141. Bibcode:1997M&PS...32..135R. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1997.tb01248.x.
- ^ "Opportunity Rover Finds an Iron Meteorite on Mars". JPL. 19 January 2005. Archived from the original on 15 November 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2006.
- ^ New research shows most space rocks crashing into Earth come from a single source
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