National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces

National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces

الائتلاف الوطني لقوى الثورة والمعارضة السورية Al-Iʾtilāf al-Waṭanī li-Quwā at-Ṯawra waʾl-Muʿāraḍat as-Sūriyya
Official logo of the SNC
Syrian independence flag
Formation	11 November 2012 (12 years ago) (2012-11-11) in Doha, Qatar
Purpose	Opposition to and replacement of the Ba'athist regime
Headquarters	Damascus, Syria Istanbul, Turkey (former)[1]
Region served	Syria
Membership	114 members[2]
Official language	Arabic
Secretary General	Haytham Rahmeh
President	Hadi al-Bahra
Vice Presidents	Abdulmajeed Barakat Dima Moussa Abdulhakim Bachar
Affiliations	Syrian Interim Government
Website	en.etilaf.org

Politics of Syrian opposition
Symbols Flag Coat of arms
Constitution Antalya conference (2011) Human rights
Executive Syrian Interim Government Prime Minister: Abdurrahman Mustafa President: Hadi al-Bahra
Legislature Syrian National Coalition Syrian National Council National Coordination Committee
Administrative divisions Capital Governorates Districts
Political parties Syrian National Coalition Syrian National Council National Coordination Committee
Foreign relations HNC Arab League membership
Other countries
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The National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces,^[a] commonly named the Syrian National Coalition (SNC),^[b] or the Syrian National Revolutionary Coalition (SNRC) is a political organization founded in Doha, Qatar, in November 2012 during the Syrian Civil War in an attempt to coalesce the various opposition movements to Bashar al-Assad's Ba'athist regime.

The coalition was recognized by several United Nations member states, by the European Union and by the Arab League as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people. It included for a time the Syrian National Council, another coalition group which had been previously received diplomatic recognition.

The SNC was based outside Syria until late 2024. Though it established contact with the Free Syrian Army and tried for a time to monitor it through the Supreme Military Council, the SNC initially suffered from a lack of presence on the ground,^[3] from internal infighting and from rivalry between foreign powers for influence over it. Originally divided between factions aligned with either Qatar or Saudi Arabia,^[4] the SNC came to operate mostly under Turkish influence.^[1]

On March 18, 2013, the National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces established the Syrian Interim Government (SIG) which later exercised authority in Turkish-occupied zones of Syria.

The SNC attempted to negotiate with the regime as part of the Syrian peace process. In 2014, the Syrian National Council, which had been the biggest block in the coalition so far, left it in protest at the decision of the coalition to attend the Geneva II Conference on Syria.^[5][6] The Coalition later took part to the High Negotiations Committee (HNC) and had representatives in the Syrian Constitutional Committee. However, as the civil war was in deadlock and the peace negociations failed to produce results, the SNC lost clout and came to be considered mostly as Turkey's relay of influence.^[1] It lost support from the United States in 2019 and, in 2023, the Arab League stopped recognizing it.

In late 2024, after the fall of the Assad regime, the SNC announced that it wished to cooperate with the Syrian transitional government and relocated from Istanbul to Damascus.

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