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New world order (politics)
The term "new world order" refers to a new period of history evidencing dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power in international relations. Despite varied interpretations of this term, it is commonly associated with the notion of world governance.
The phrase "new world order" or similar language was used in the period toward the end of the First World War in relation to Woodrow Wilson's vision for international peace;[a] Wilson called for a League of Nations to prevent aggression and conflict. In some instances when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase "new world order", or "new order in the world" it was to refer to Axis powers plans for world domination.[1][2][3][4] Although Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman may have been hesitant to use the phrase,[citation needed] commentators have applied the term retroactively to the order put in place by the World War II victors including the United Nations and the Bretton Woods system as a "new world order."[5][6]
The most widely discussed application of the phrase of recent times came at the end of the Cold War. Presidents Mikhail Gorbachev and George H. W. Bush used the term to try to define the nature of the post-Cold War era and the spirit of great power cooperation that they hoped might materialize. Gorbachev's initial formulation was wide-ranging and idealistic, but his ability to press for it was severely limited by the internal crisis of the Soviet system. In comparison, Bush's vision was not less circumscribed: "A hundred generations have searched for this elusive path to peace, while a thousand wars raged across the span of human endeavor. Today that new world is struggling to be born, a world quite different from the one we've known".[7] However, given the new unipolar status of the United States, Bush's vision was realistic in saying that "there is no substitute for American leadership".[7] The Gulf War of 1991 was regarded as the first test of the new world order: "Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A world in which there is the very real prospect of a new world order. ... The Gulf War put this new world to its first test".[8][9]
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- ^ Roosevelt, Franklin D. "Address for Navy and Total Defense Day. October 27, 1941". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
Hitler has often protested that his plans for conquest do not extend across the Atlantic Ocean. His submarines and raiders prove otherwise. So does the entire design of his new world order. For example, I have in my possession a secret map made in Germany by Hitler's Government—by the planners of the new world order. It is a map of South America and a part of Central America, as Hitler proposes to reorganize it...That is his plan. It will never go into effect.
- ^ Fireside Chat: The Arsenal of Democracy (December 29th 1940) : Roosevelt, Franklin D. (2005). The public papers and addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt. 1940 volume, War-and aid to democracies: with a special introduction and explanatory notes by President Roosevelt. [Book 1]: Fireside Chat on National Security. White House, Washington, D.C. December 29, 1940. p. 639. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
They may talk of a "new order" in the world, but what they have in mind is only a revival of the oldest and the worst tyranny. In that there is no liberty, no religion, no hope. The proposed "new order" is the very opposite of a United States of Europe or a United States of Asia. It is not a Government based upon the consent of the governed. It is not a union of ordinary, self-respecting men and women to protect themselves and their freedom and their dignity from oppression. It is an unholy alliance of power and pelf to dominate and enslave the human race.
- ^ Roosevelt, Franklin D. Fireside Chat The Arsenal Of Democracy (December 29th 1940) (at 20m 58s). Made available on YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises. Ultimate Speech Collection Vol. 1 from Master Classics Records. Released on: 2009-01-01. Retrieved from YouTube on 2021-08-02
- ^ Roosevelt, Franklin D. (20 October 2016). "December 29, 1940: Fireside Chat 16: On the "Arsenal of Democracy"" (text and audio). Miller Center, University of Virginia. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
- ^ Amadeo, Kimberly; Brock, Thomas J. (September 3, 2020). "How a 1944 Agreement Created a New World Order". The Balance. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
- ^ Pickford, Stephen (June 12, 2019). "Renew the Bretton Woods System". Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
It also established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank[2] as the key institutions to manage this new world order.
- ^ a b "Address Before a Joint Session of Congress (September 11, 1990)—Miller Center". Archived from the original on 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
- ^ "Document: New world order: George Bush's speech, 6 Mar 1991". Al-bab.com. Archived from the original on 31 May 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- ^ Lawrence Freedman, 'The Gulf War and the New World Order,' Survival, 33/3, (1991): p 195-196.
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