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Olenekian
| Olenekian | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chronology | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Etymology | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chronological unit | Age | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | Not formally defined | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower boundary definition candidates | FAD of the Conodont Neospathodus waageni | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s) | Mud (Muth) village, Spiti valley, India[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | Not formally defined | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition candidates |
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| Upper boundary GSSP candidate section(s) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
In the geologic timescale, the Olenekian is an age in the Early Triassic epoch; in chronostratigraphy, it is a stage in the Lower Triassic series. It spans the time between 251.2 Ma and 247.2 Ma (million years ago).[7] The Olenekian is sometimes divided into the Smithian and the Spathian subages or substages.[8] The Olenekian follows the Induan and is followed by the Anisian (Middle Triassic).[9]
The Olenekian saw the deposition of a large part of the Buntsandstein in Europe. The Olenekian is roughly coeval with the regional Yongningzhenian Stage used in China.
- ^ Widmann, Philipp; Bucher, Hugo; Leu, Marc; et al. (2020). "Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery". Frontiers in Earth Science. 8 (196): 196. Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8..196W. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00196.
- ^ McElwain, J. C.; Punyasena, S. W. (2007). "Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 22 (10): 548–557. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.003. PMID 17919771.
- ^ Retallack, G. J.; Veevers, J.; Morante, R. (1996). "Global coal gap between Permian–Triassic extinctions and middle Triassic recovery of peat forming plants". GSA Bulletin. 108 (2): 195–207. Bibcode:1996GSAB..108..195R. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0195:GCGBPT>2.3.CO;2. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Payne, J. L.; Lehrmann, D. J.; Wei, J.; Orchard, M. J.; Schrag, D. P.; Knoll, A. H. (2004). "Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction". Science. 305 (5683): 506–9. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..506P. doi:10.1126/science.1097023. PMID 15273391. S2CID 35498132.
- ^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. September 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
- ^ "Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point". International Commission of Stratigraphy. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ According to Gradstein (2004). Brack et al. (2005) give 251 to 248 Ma
- ^ Tozer, E. T. (1965). "Lower Triassic stages and ammonoid zones of Arctic Canada". Geological Survey of Canada Paper. 65–12: 1–14. doi:10.4095/100985.
- ^ See for a detailed geologic timescale Gradstein et al. (2004)
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