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Omar Suleiman (politician)
Omar Mahmoud Suleiman | |
|---|---|
عمر محمود سليمان | |
&sq=crain_ford&lang=en&file=File:Omar_Suleiman_070731-D-7203T-010_0WX8I.jpg) Suleiman in 2007 | |
| Vice President of Egypt | |
| In office 29 January 2011 – 11 February 2011 | |
| President | Hosni Mubarak |
| Preceded by | Hosni Mubarak (1981)[a] |
| Succeeded by | Mahmoud Mekki |
| Director of the General Intelligence Directorate | |
| In office 22 January 1991 – 31 January 2011 | |
| President | Hosni Mubarak |
| Preceded by | Nour El Dien Afeefy |
| Succeeded by | Murad Muwafi |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 2 July 1936 Qena, Kingdom of Egypt |
| Died | 19 July 2012 (aged 76) Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. |
| Political party | National Democratic Party |
| Alma mater | Egyptian Military Academy M. V. Frunze Military Academy Ain Shams University Cairo University |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Egypt |
| Branch/service | Army |
| Years of service | 1956–1991 |
| Rank | &sq=crain_ford&lang=en&file=File:EgyMajor_General.png){kind=small} Major General |
| Battles/wars | North Yemen Civil War[1] Six-Day War[2] War of Attrition October War[2] |
| |
Omar Mahmoud Suleiman (Arabic: عمر محمود سليمان, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈʕomɑɾ seleˈmæːn]; 2 July 1936 – 19 July 2012) was an Egyptian army general, politician, diplomat, and intelligence officer. A leading figure in Egypt's intelligence system beginning in 1986, Suleiman was appointed to the long-vacant vice presidency by President Hosni Mubarak on 29 January 2011.[3][4] On 11 February 2011, Suleiman announced Mubarak's resignation and ceased being vice president;[5] governing power was transferred to the Armed Forces Supreme Council,[6] of which Suleiman was not a member.[7] A new head of intelligence services was appointed by the ruling Supreme Council. Suleiman withdrew from the political scene and did not appear in public after announcing Mubarak's resignation.[8]
Millions of Egyptian citizens[9] involved in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 opposed Suleiman or Mubarak remaining in power without elections taking place.[10][11] Human rights groups tied Suleiman's career to a regime marked by widespread human rights abuses,[12][13][14] and asserted that many Egyptian revolutionaries "see Suleiman as Mubarak II. However many Egyptians also saw Suleiman as a pillar of the old order who might have served as a buffer between military rule on the one hand and dominance by Islamist groups on the other."[12] Tortured victims and human rights groups charged that Suleiman oversaw the systematic use of torture on detainees and that in at least one instance he was accused of personally torturing a detainee.[15][16][17] In response to the 2011 protests, Suleiman blamed foreign influence and appealed to protestors to go home.[18]
Suleiman died at on 19 July 2012 at the Cleveland Clinic at the age of 76 of complications related to amyloidosis.[19]
- ^ Black, Ian (29 January 2011). "Egypt protests – as they happened". The Guardian. London.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
ajprofilewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Witte, Griff (30 January 2011). "Egyptian soldiers show solidarity with protesters, activist ElBaradei joins demonstrations". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
- ^ "Egypt Ambassador: Suleiman "De Facto Head of State" – World Watch". CBS News. 10 February 2011. Archived from the original on 12 February 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
- ^
- "Former Vice President Omar Suleiman". Egypt State Information Service. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
- "Egypt State Information Service: Statement of the Vice President of the Republic". Egypt State Information Service. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
- ^ Michael, Maggie; Keath, Lee (11 February 2011). "'Egypt is Free' chants Tahrir after Mubarak quits". Yahoo. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
- ^ "Egypt's military leadership". Al Jazeera. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- ^ Haaretz: Egypt confirms assassination attempt on Suleiman
- ^ Al-Ahram: Egypt, after birth pangs Archived 12 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Al-Arabiya: Mubarak quits Cairo as a million march, TIME: Military Will Determine Fate of Mubarak's Exit Plan, The Guardian: Egypt protests: The feeling in Tahrir Square was one of disbelief, SFGate: Protesters march in San Francisco to support Egypt
- ^ Ahdaf Soueif (11 February 2011). "Egypt protests: The feeling in Tahrir Square was one of disbelief". the Guardian. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
- ^ The Guardian: Cairo's biggest protest yet demands Mubarak's immediate departure, Al Jazeera: 'No to Suleiman, no to Shafiq', Business Week: Mubarak's Top Spy Rejected by Cairo Streets as Masses March, Al Jazeera: Politics pervade Cairo's streets, Christian Science Monitor: ElBaradei arrives at Tahrir Square for what could be a key moment, New York Times: Choice of Suleiman Likely to Please the Military, Not the Crowds
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
WPwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "What Mubarak Must Do Before He Resigns". HRW. 4 February 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
- ^ Viscusi, Gregory; Penny, Thomas (1 February 2011). "Mubarak's Top Spy Rejected by Cairo Streets as Masses March". Business Week. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
- ^ Admin, Moyers (22 February 1999). "Bill Moyers Journal: Michael Winship: For the US in Egypt, Blowback Is a Bitch". PBS. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ^ "Egypt in Crisis: Omar Suleiman and CIA Rendition". ABC News. 1 February 2011. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ^ Lisa Hajjar. "Suleiman: The CIA's man in Cairo". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
- ^ "Omar Suleiman". Global Post. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
- ^ Northeast Ohio. "Omar Suleiman, former Egyptian spy chief and vice president, dies at Cleveland Clinic". cleveland. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
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