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Operation Substance
| Operation Substance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Battle of the Mediterranean of the Second World War | |||||||
.jpg) Cloud of smoke over the Mediterranean Sea from a hit destroyer - possibly HMS Fearless. In the foreground is the battleship HMS Nelson. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 United Kingdom Australia |
 Italy | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| James Somerville | |||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
1 aircraft carrier 1 battleship 1 battlecruiser 4 light cruisers 18 destroyers 13 merchant ships |
3 torpedo boats 1 submarine 4 MAS boats 9 torpedo bombers 4 medium bombers | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
1 destroyer sunk 1 light cruiser damaged 1 destroyer damaged 2 merchant ships damaged 6 aircraft 35 killed | 12 aircraft | ||||||
Operation Substance was a British naval operation in July 1941 during the Second World War to escort Convoy GM 1, the first of the series from Gibraltar to Malta.[1] The convoy, escorted by Force H, was attacked by Italian submarines, aircraft and MAS boats (Motoscafo armato silurante, motor torpedo boats).
- ^ Hague 2000, p. 192.
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