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Oppositional defiant disorder
| Oppositional defiant disorder | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Paediatrics, Psychology |
| Symptoms | Recurrent patterns of negative, hostile, or defiant behavior towards authority figures |
| Complications | Enforcement action |
| Usual onset | Childhood or adolescence (can become evident before 8 years of age) |
| Duration | Is diagnosed until 18 years of age |
| Causes | Insufficient care for the affected child during early development |
| Risk factors | ADHD |
| Differential diagnosis | Conduct disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, a psychotic disorder, borderline personality disorder, major depressive disorder, antisocial personality disorder |
| Treatment | Medication, Cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, intervention (counseling) |
| Medication |
|
| Prognosis | Poor unless professionally treated |
| Frequency | ≈3% |
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)[1] is listed in the DSM-5 under Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders and defined as "a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness."[2] This behavior is usually targeted toward peers, parents, teachers, and other authority figures, including law enforcement officials.[3] Unlike conduct disorder (CD), those with ODD do not generally show patterns of aggression towards random people, violence against animals, destruction of property, theft, or deceit.[4] One-half of children with ODD also fulfill the diagnostic criteria for ADHD.[5][6][7]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
AACAP_2009was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Diagnostic Criteria 313.81 (F91.3)". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
- ^ "Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Children". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
- ^ Nolen-Hoeksema S (2014). Abnormal Psychology. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 323. ISBN 978-0-07-803538-8.
- ^ Golubchik, Pavel, Shalev, Lilach, Tsamir, Dina, Manor, Iris, Weizman, Abraham. "High pretreatment cognitive impulsivity predicts response of oppositional symptoms to methylphenidate in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/oppositional defiant disorder". International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2019;34(3):138–142. doi:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000252.
- ^ Harvey EA, Breaux RP, Lugo-Candelas CI (2016). "Early development of comorbidity between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)". J Abnorm Psycho l125: 154–167.
- ^ Waschbusch DA (2002). A meta-analytic examination of comorbid hyperactive-impulsive-attention problems and conduct problems. Psychol Bull 128:118–150.
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اضطراب المعارض المتحدي Arabic Trastorn oposicionista desafiant Catalan Porucha opozičního vzdoru Czech Trastorno negativista desafiante Spanish اختلال نافرمانی مقابلهجویانه FA Trouble oppositionnel avec provocation French הפרעת התנגדות HE Վարքի հակադրվող խանգարում HY Disturbo oppositivo provocatorio Italian 反抗挑戦性障害 Japanese
