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Oral pigmentation
Oral pigmentation is asymptomatic and does not usually cause any alteration to the texture or thickness of the affected area. The colour can be uniform or speckled and can appear solitary or as multiple lesions.[1] Depending on the site, depth, and quantity of pigment, the appearance can vary considerably.[2]
Oral pigmentation is found in the following places:
- Lower vermillion border (the exposed pink or reddish margin of a lip[3])
- Tongue
- Oral mucosa
- Gingivae
- Palate[2]
Oral pigmentation affects about 3% of the population[4] and is most likely seen in those with dark skin;[5] however people with light skin have, on average, 30 local pigmented areas and in some circumstances will present intra-orally. They are more often found in females than males[6] and the typical age at presentation is 40 years although they can appear at any age.[3]
- ^ Lenkiewicz E, Ferencowa A, Szewczykowa E (April 1992). "[Subconjunctival autohemotherapy of eye burns in our cases]". Klinika Oczna (in Polish). 94 (4): 113–4. doi:10.4016/46352.01. PMID 1405409.
- ^ a b Gondak RO, da Silva-Jorge R, Jorge J, Lopes MA, Vargas PA (November 2012). "Oral pigmented lesions: Clinicopathologic features and review of the literature". Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 17 (6): e919-24. doi:10.4317/medoral.17679. PMC 3505710. PMID 22549672.
- ^ a b Culpepper CJ (2000). "Merriam‐Webster Online: The Language Center0011The Staff of Merriam‐Webster. Merriam‐Webster Online: The Language Center. 47 Federal Street, PO Box 281, Springfield, MA 01102; Tel: (413) 734‐3134; Fax: (413) 731‐5979;: Merriam‐Webster, Inc c1999. Free". Electronic Resources Review. 4: 9–11. doi:10.1108/err.2000.4.1_2.9.11.
- ^ Takematsu H, Usuba Y, Kato T, Tagami H (1989). "Giant volar melanotic macule". Skin Cancer. 4: 68–71. doi:10.5227/skincancer.4.68.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:8was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Retna Kumari N, Sreedharan S, Balachandran D (2007). "Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy: a case report". Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 25 (3): 148–51. doi:10.4103/0970-4388.36568. PMID 17951934.
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