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Planar cell polarity

Cartoon representation of Planar Cell Polarity in fly wing hair cells and mouse paw hair cellsFigure 1. (A and B) Drosophila cuticular wing hair cells of the adult wing. Wing hairs point distally (to the right) in wild-type (WT) animals (A) but lose orientation in PCP mutants (fz) (B). (C and D) Hairs on the mouse paw point away from the body (pointing up) in WT (C) but grow in a swirling pattern in PCP mutants (fz6) (D). Inspired by the work of Paul Adler (A and B) and Guo et al. (2004) (C and D).

Planar cell polarity (PCP) is the protein-mediated signaling that coordinates the orientation of cells in a layer of epithelial tissue. In vertebrates, examples of mature PCP oriented tissue are the stereo-cilia bundles in the inner ear,[1] motile cilia of the epithelium,[2] and cell motility in epidermal wound healing.[3] Additionally, PCP is known to be crucial to major developmental time points including coordinating convergent extension during gastrulation and coordinating cell behavior for neural tube closure.[4] Cells orient themselves and their neighbors by establishing asymmetric expression of PCP components on opposing cell members within cells to establish and maintain the directionality of the cells. Some of these PCP components are transmembrane proteins which can proliferate the orientation signal to the surrounding cells.[5]

  1. ^ Kelly, Michael; Chen, Ping (2007). "Shaping the mammalian auditory sensory organ by the planar cell polarity pathway". The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 51 (6–7): 535–547. doi:10.1387/ijdb.072344mk. ISSN 0214-6282. PMC 4158833. PMID 17891715.
  2. ^ Park, Tae Joo; Mitchell, Brian J; Abitua, Philip B; Kintner, Chris; Wallingford, John B (2008-06-15). "Dishevelled controls apical docking and planar polarization of basal bodies in ciliated epithelial cells". Nature Genetics. 40 (7): 871–879. doi:10.1038/ng.104. ISSN 1061-4036. PMC 2771675. PMID 18552847.
  3. ^ Caddy, Jacinta; Wilanowski, Tomasz; Darido, Charbel; Dworkin, Sebastian; Ting, Stephen B.; Zhao, Quan; Rank, Gerhard; Auden, Alana; Srivastava, Seema; Papenfuss, Tony A.; Murdoch, Jennifer N.; Humbert, Patrick O.; Boulos, Nidal; Weber, Thomas; Zuo, Jian (July 2010). "Epidermal Wound Repair Is Regulated by the Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Pathway". Developmental Cell. 19 (1): 138–147. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2010.06.008. ISSN 1534-5807. PMC 2965174. PMID 20643356. S2CID 21479886.
  4. ^ Walsh, Gregory S.; Grant, Paul K.; Morgan, John A.; Moens, Cecilia B. (2011-07-15). "Planar polarity pathway and Nance-Horan syndrome-like 1b have essential cell-autonomous functions in neuronal migration". Development. 138 (14): 3033–3042. doi:10.1242/dev.063842. ISSN 1477-9129. PMC 3119310. PMID 21693519.
  5. ^ Devenport, Danelle (2014-10-27). "The cell biology of planar cell polarity". Journal of Cell Biology. 207 (2): 171–179. doi:10.1083/jcb.201408039. ISSN 1540-8140. PMC 4210441. PMID 25349257. S2CID 15616318.

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