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Principality of Hungary
Grand Principality of Hungary Magyar Nagyfejedelemség (Hungarian) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 895–1000 Árpád dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||
 Principality of Hungary (c. 1000) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Status | Principality | ||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Esztergom and Székesfehérvár (from the reigns of Taksony and Géza) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | |||||||||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Hungarian | ||||||||||||||||||
| Government | |||||||||||||||||||
| Kende | |||||||||||||||||||
• 890s – c. 904 | Kurszán | ||||||||||||||||||
| Grand Prince | |||||||||||||||||||
• c. 895 – c. 907 | Árpád | ||||||||||||||||||
• c. 907 – c. 950 | Zoltán | ||||||||||||||||||
• c. 950 – c. 955 | Fajsz | ||||||||||||||||||
• c. 955 – c. 972 | Taksony | ||||||||||||||||||
• c. 972 – 997 | Géza | ||||||||||||||||||
• 997–1000 | Stephen | ||||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||||||||||
• Established | c. 895 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 839–970 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4–6 July 907 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10–12 August 955 | |||||||||||||||||||
• Koppány's revolt | 997 | ||||||||||||||||||
• Coronation of Stephen I | 25 December 1000 or 1 January 1001 | ||||||||||||||||||
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The Grand Principality of Hungary[1][2] or Duchy of Hungary[3][4] (Hungarian: Magyar Nagyfejedelemség: "Hungarian Grand Principality",[5] Byzantine Greek: Τουρκία) was the earliest documented Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin, established in 895 or 896,[6][7][8] following the 9th century Magyar invasion of the Carpathian Basin.
The Hungarians, a semi-nomadic people, formed a tribal alliance[9][10][11] led by Árpád (founder of the Árpád dynasty) who arrived from Etelköz, their earlier principality east of the Carpathians.[12]
During the period, the power of the Hungarian Grand Prince seemed to be decreasing irrespective of the success of the Hungarian military raids across Europe. The tribal territories, ruled by Hungarian warlords (chieftains), became semi-independent polities (e.g., the domains of Gyula the Younger in Transylvania). These territories were united again only under the rule of St. Stephen. The semi-nomadic Hungarian population adopted settled life. The chiefdom society changed to a state society. From the second half of the 10th century, Christianity started to spread. The principality was succeeded by the Christian Kingdom of Hungary with the coronation of St Stephen I at Esztergom on Christmas Day 1000 (its alternative date is 1 January 1001).[13][14][15]
The period from 896 to 1000 is called "the age of principality" within Hungarian historiography.[7]
- ^ Bauer, Susan Wise (22 February 2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 586. ISBN 978-0-393-07817-6.
- ^ Ritz-Buranbaeva, Oksana; Mladineo, Vanja (22 September 2011). Culture and Customs of Hungary. ABC-CLIO. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-313-38370-0.
- ^ Davies, Colin (1969). The Emergence of Western Society: European History A.D. 300-1200. Macmillan. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-333-03520-7.
- ^ Lawler, Jennifer (2004). Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire. McFarland & Company. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7864-1520-5.
- ^ Hadtörténelmi közlemények, Volume 114, Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum, 2001, p. 131
- ^ Komzsik, Louis (2011). Cycles of Time: From Infinity to Eternity. Trafford Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4269-5336-1.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Acta orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricaewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Stessel, Zahava Szász (1995). Wine and Thorns in Tokay Valley: Jewish Life in Hungary : the History of Abaújszántó. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-3545-2.
- ^ Linehan, Peter; Nelson, Janet Laughland (2001). The Medieval World. Routledge. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-415-18151-8.
- ^ Khazanov, Anatoly Michailovich; Wink, André (2001). Nomads in the Sedentary World. Psychology Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-7007-1370-7.
- ^ Lendvai, Paul (2003). The Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat. C. Hurst. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-85065-682-1.
- ^ Paul Lendvai, The Hungarians: a thousand years of victory in defeat, C. Hurst & Co., 2003, pp. 15–29, 533
- ^ Studies in medieval and renaissance history, Committee for Medieval Studies, University of British Columbia, 1980, p. 159
- ^ Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák, A History of Hungary, Indiana University Press, 1994, pp. 12–17
- ^ Pál Engel, Tamás Pálosfalvi, Andrew Ayton, The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526, .B.Tauris, 2005, p. 27
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