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Red brick university
A red brick university (or redbrick university) was originally one of the nine civic universities founded in the major industrial cities of England in the 19th century.[2][3]
However, with the 1960s proliferation of plate glass universities and the reclassification of polytechnics in the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 as post-1992 universities, all British universities founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in major cities are now sometimes referred to as "red brick".[4]
Six of the original redbrick institutions, or their predecessor institutes, gained university status before World War I and were initially established as civic science or engineering colleges.[5][6][7][8][9][10] Eight of the nine original institutions are members of the Russell Group.[11]
- ^ Bruce Truscot (1951). Red Brick University (2nd ed.). Pelican. pp. 24–25.
- ^ The term was coined by Bruce Truscot (Edgar Allison Peers) in Red Brick University, which states: "It is primarily with eight of the twelve English universities that this book is concerned: Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham, Reading and Sheffield" (p. 25) and, with respect to Durham, that "its Newcastle college, perhaps, can properly find a place in this survey" (p. 24).[1]
- ^ "A history of the HE environment". University of St Andrews. Archived from the original on 26 May 2007.
- ^ "red-brick". Oxford Living Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
- ^ "Birmingham University Firsts". Retrieved 20 May 2009.
- ^ "About the University of Bristol". Retrieved 20 May 2009.
- ^ "Origins of the University of Leeds". Retrieved 20 May 2009.
- ^ "About the University of Liverpool". Retrieved 20 May 2009.
- ^ "University of Manchester: History". Archived from the original on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
- ^ "About the University of Sheffield". Retrieved 20 May 2009.
- ^ Russell Group: Home
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