Secular religion

A secular religion is a communal belief system that often rejects or neglects the metaphysical aspects of the supernatural, commonly associated with traditional religion, instead placing typical religious qualities in earthly, or material, entities. Among systems that have been characterized as secular religions are liberalism, anarchism, communism, nazism, fascism, Jacobinism, Juche, Maoism, Religion of Humanity, the cults of personality, the Cult of Reason and Cult of the Supreme Being.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

^ McFarland, S. (1998). Communism as religion. The international journal for the psychology of religion, 8(1), 33-48.
^ Niebuhr, R. (2022, May 28). The religion of communism. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1931/04/the-religion-of-communism/650866/
^ Belke, T. J. (1998). Juche: the state religion of North Korea. Regent University.
^ Widjaja, F. I., Boiliu, N. I., Simanjuntak, I. F., Gultom, J. M., & Simanjuntak, F. (2021). The religious phenomenon of Juche ideology as a political tool. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 77(4).
^ Kim, P. (2002). An Analysis Of Religious Forms Of Juche Ideology In Comparison With Christianity. International Journal of Korean Unification Studies, 11(1), 127-144.
^ Grothendieck, A. (1971). The New Universal Church. Survivre et Vivre, (9), 3-8.
^ Kitagawa, J. M. (1974). One of the many faces of China: Maoism as a quasi-religion. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 125-141.
^ Haglund, Å. (1975). Maoism-a New Religious formation in the People's Republic of China. Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis, 7, 43-54.
^ Apter, D. E. (2005). Bearing witness: Maoism as religion. The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies, 22, 5-37.
^ Young, L. C., & Ford, S. R. (1977). God is Society: The Religious Dimension of Maoism. Sociological Inquiry, 47(2), 89-97.