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Slovak language
| Slovak | |
|---|---|
| slovenčina, slovenský jazyk | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈslɔʋentʂina], [ˈslɔʋenskiː ˈjazik] |
| Native to | Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Carpathian Ruthenia, Slavonia, and Vojvodina[1] |
| Ethnicity | Slovaks, Pannonian Rusyns |
| Speakers | L1: 5 million (2012–2021)[2] L2: 2.1 million (2012)[2] |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin (Slovak alphabet) Slovak Braille Cyrillic (Pannonian Rusyn alphabet) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Slovakia European Union Vojvodina (Serbia)[4] |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Ministry of Culture of the Slovak Republic |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | sk |
| ISO 639-2 | slo (B) slk (T) |
| ISO 639-3 | slk |
| Glottolog | slov1269 |
| Linguasphere | 53-AAA-db < 53-AAA-b...–d (varieties: 53-AAA-dba to 53-AAA-dbs) |
 The Slovak-speaking world:
regions where Slovak is the language of the majority regions where Slovak is the language of a significant minority | |
Slovak (/ˈsloʊvæk, -vɑːk/ SLOH-va(h)k;[15][16] endonym: slovenčina [ˈslɔʋent͡ʂina] or slovenský jazyk [ˈslɔʋenskiː ˈjazik] ), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script.[17] It is part of the Indo-European language family, and is one of the Slavic languages, which are part of the larger Balto-Slavic branch. Spoken by approximately 5 million people as a native language, primarily ethnic Slovaks, it serves as the official language of Slovakia and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union.
Slovak is closely related to Czech, to the point of very high mutual intelligibility,[18] as well as Polish.[19] Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is a fusional language with a complex system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin[20] and German,[21] as well as other Slavic languages.
- ^ "Autonomous Province of Vojvodina | Покрајинска влада". Archived from the original on 20 December 2017.
- ^ a b Slovak at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
- ^ Habijanec, Siniša (2020). "Pannonian Rusyn". In Greenberg, Marc; Grenoble, Lenore (eds.). Brill Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics. Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/2589-6229_ESLO_COM_031961. ISSN 2589-6229. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
The third theory defines Pannonian Rusyn as a West Slavic language originating in the East Slovak Zemplín and Šariš dialects and being a mixture of the two. It fits the linguistic data in the most consistent manner and has been accepted by an overwhelming majority of scholars in the field (Bidwell 1966; Švagrovský 1984; Witkowski 1984; Lunt 1998; Čarskij 2011) and verified by several comprehensive analyses of Pannonian Rusyn language data (Bidwell 1966; Lunt 1998; Čarskij 2011).
- ^ "Autonomous Province of Vojvodina". Government of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
- ^ "Národnostní menšiny | Vláda ČR".
- ^ Pisarek, Walery (2009). The relationship between official and minority languages in Poland (PDF). 7th Annual Conference: The Relationship between Official Languages and Regional and Minority Languages in Europe. Dublin, Ireland: European Federation of National Institutions for Language. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ "Hungary needs to strengthen use of and access to minority languages". Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. 14 December 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
The following languages have been given special protection under the European Charter [in Hungary]: Armenian, Beas, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian and Ukrainian.
- ^ "Odluka o donošenju kurikuluma za nastavni predmet Slovački jezik i kultura u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Republici Hrvatskoj (Model C)". Narodne novine.
- ^ "Slovaci".
- ^ "Pukanec".
- ^ "Slováci v Rumunsku". Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
- ^ https://www.edu.ro/semnarea-programului-de-cooperare-%C3%AEn-domeniul-educa%C8%9Biei-%C3%AEntre-ministerul-educa%C8%9Biei-na%C8%9Bionale-din-0 [bare URL]
- ^ "Rumunsko".
- ^ "75 de ani de invatamant in limba slovaca". 16 September 2011.
- ^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180
- ^ Roach, Peter (2011), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521152532
- ^ "Czech language". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Golubović, Jelena; Gooskens, Charlotte (2015). "Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages". Russian Linguistics. 39 (3): 351–373. doi:10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9.
- ^ Swan, Oscar E. (2002). A grammar of contemporary Polish. Bloomington, Ind.: Slavica. p. 5. ISBN 0893572969. OCLC 50064627.
- ^ Naughton, James (2002). "Czech Literature, 1774 to 1918". Babel - University of Oxford Modern Languages. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018.
- ^ "Czech Republic". Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
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