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South American lungfish
| South American lungfish Temporal range: Late Cretaceous to recent [1]
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Sarcopterygii |
| Class: | Dipnoi |
| Order: | Ceratodontiformes |
| Family: | Lepidosirenidae Bonaparte, 1841 |
| Genus: | Lepidosiren Fitzinger, 1837 |
| Species: | L. paradoxa
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| Binomial name | |
| Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger, 1837
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| Synonyms[3][4][5] | |
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(Genus)
(Species)
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The South American lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa), also known as the American mud-fish[6] and scaly salamanderfish,[7] is the single species of lungfish found in swamps and slow-moving waters of the Amazon, Paraguay, and lower Paraná River basins in South America.[8] Notable as an obligate air-breather, it is the sole member of its family Lepidosirenidae, although some authors also place Protopterus in the family.[9][10] In Brazil, it is known by the indigenous language Tupi name piramboia, which means "snake-fish" (Portuguese pronunciation: [piɾɐ̃ˈbɔjjɐ]), and synonyms pirarucu-bóia ([piɾɐɾuˈku ˈbɔjjɐ]), traíra-bóia ([tɾɐˈiɾɐ ˈbɔjjɐ]), and caramuru ([kɐɾɐmuˈɾu]).
- ^ "Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger 1837 (South American lungfish)". PBDB.
- ^ Frederico, R.G. (2022). "Lepidosiren paradoxa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T49830702A159889457. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T49830702A159889457.en. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
- ^ "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ^ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Ceratodiformes – recent lungfishes". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
- ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2017). "Lepidosirenidae". FishBase version (02/2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ^ Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel; Edwin Ray Lankester; L. Dora Schmitz (1892). The History of Creation, Or, The Development of the Earth and Its Inhabitants by the Action of Natural Causes: A Popular Exposition of the Doctrine of Evolution in General, and of that of Darwin, Goethe, and Lamarck in Particular : from the 8. German Ed. of Ernst Haeckel. D. Appleton. p. 422. page 289
- ^ Konrad Guenther; Bernard Miall (1931). A Naturalist in Brazil: The Record of a Year's Observation of Her Flora, Her Fauna, and Her People. Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 399. page 275
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2014). "Lepidosiren paradoxa". FishBase.
- ^ "FAMILY Details for Lepidosirenidae - Aestivating lungfishes". www.fishbase.se. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
- ^ Kemp, Anne; Cavin, Lionel; Guinot, Guillaume (2017-04-01). "Evolutionary history of lungfishes with a new phylogeny of post-Devonian genera". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 471: 209–219. Bibcode:2017PPP...471..209K. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.12.051. ISSN 0031-0182.
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