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Spring and Autumn period
| Spring and Autumn period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 春秋時代 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 春秋时代 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Chūnqiū shídài | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Part of a series on the |
| History of China |
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The Spring and Autumn period (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE[1][a]) was a period in Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (c. 771 – 256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject to the Zhou exercised increasing political autonomy. The period's name[b] derives from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the state of Lu between 722 and 481 BCE, which tradition associates with Confucius (551–479 BCE).
During this period, local polities negotiated their own alliances, waged wars against one another, up to defying the king's court in Luoyi. The gradual Partition of Jin, one of the most powerful states, is generally considered to mark the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period. This periodization dates back to late Western Han (c. 48 BCE – c. 9 CE).[9]
- ^ Hsu 1999, p. 547.
- ^ Lewis 1999, p. 598.
- ^ a b c Falkenhausen 1999, p. 450.
- ^ General Office of the State Council 2021.
- ^ Pines 2002.
- ^ Cook 1995, p. 148.
- ^ Kiser & Cai 2003, p. 512.
- ^ Zhao (2004).
- ^ Wong (2024), pp. 564–566.
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