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Standard solution
In analytical chemistry, a standard solution (titrant or titrator) is a solution containing an accurately known concentration. Standard solutions are generally prepared by dissolving a solute of known mass into a solvent to a precise volume, or by diluting a solution of known concentration with more solvent.[1] A standard solution ideally has a high degree of purity and is stable enough that the concentration can be accurately measured after a long shelf time.[2]
Making a standard solution requires great attention to detail to avoid introducing any risk of contamination that could diminish the accuracy of the concentration. For this reason, glassware with high degree of precision such as a volumetric flask, volumetric pipette, micropipettes, and automatic pipettes are used in the preparation steps. The solvent used must also be pure and readily able to dissolve the solute into a homogenous solution.[2]
Standard solutions are used for various volumetric procedures, such as determining the concentration of solutions with an unknown concentration in titrations. The concentrations of standard solutions are normally expressed in units of moles per litre (mol/L, often abbreviated to M for molarity), moles per cubic decimetre (mol/dm3), kilomoles per cubic metre (kmol/m3), grams per milliliters (g/mL), or in terms related to those used in particular titrations (such as titres).
- ^ Freiser, Henry; Nancollas, George H.; International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, eds. (1987). Compendium of analytical nomenclature: definitive rules 1987 (2nd ed.). Oxford [Oxfordshire] ; Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications. ISBN 978-0-632-01907-6.
- ^ a b Christian, Gary; Dasgupta, Purnendu; Schug, Kevin. Analytical Chemistry, 7th Edition (7th ed.). ISBN 978-0-470-88757-8.
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