Sweden

Kingdom of Sweden Konungariket Sverige (Swedish)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem:  "Du gamla, du fria"[a] (English: "Thou ancient, Thou free") Royal anthem:  "Kungssången" (English: "Song of the King")
Show globe Show map of Europe Location of Sweden (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Stockholm 59°21′N 18°4′E / 59.350°N 18.067°E / 59.350; 18.067
Official languages	Swedish[b]
National minority languages	Sámi Finnish Meänkieli Romani Yiddish[c]
Demonym(s)	Swedish Swede
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Carl XVI Gustaf
• Riksdag Speaker	Andreas Norlén
• Prime Minister	Ulf Kristersson
Legislature	Riksdag
History
• A unified Swedish kingdom established	By the late 10th century
• Part of the Kalmar Union	17 June 1397 – 6 June 1523
• Swedish Empire	1611–1721
Area
• Total	450,295[4] km2 (173,860 sq mi) (55th)
• Water (%)	8.97 (2022)[5]
Population
• 7 July 2021 estimate	10,540,886[6] (87th)
• Density	25/km2 (64.7/sq mi) (198th)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$763.589 billion[7] (40th)
• Per capita	$71,730[7] (17th)
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$609.039 billion[7] (25th)
• Per capita	$57,212[7] (12th)
Gini (2022)	27.6[8] low inequality
HDI (2022)	0.952[9] very high (5th)
Currency	Swedish krona (SEK)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Drives on	Right[d]
ISO 3166 code	SE
Internet TLD	.se[e]
Website sweden.se

Sweden,^[f] formally the Kingdom of Sweden,^[g][h] is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi),^[4] Sweden is the largest Nordic country and the fifth-largest country in Europe. Its capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has a population of 10.6 million,^[10] and a low population density of 25.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi); 88% of Swedes reside in urban areas.^[11] They are mostly in the central and southern half of the country. Sweden's urban areas together cover 1.5% of its land area. Sweden has a diverse climate owing to the length of the country, which ranges from 55°N to 69°N.

Sweden has been inhabited since prehistoric times around 12,000 BC. The inhabitants emerged as the Geats (Swedish: Götar) and Swedes (Svear), which together constituted the sea-faring peoples known as the Norsemen. A unified Swedish state was established during the late 10th century. In 1397, Sweden joined Norway and Denmark to form the Scandinavian Kalmar Union,^[12] which Sweden left in 1523. When Sweden became involved in the Thirty Years' War on the Protestant side, an expansion of its territories began, forming the Swedish Empire, which remained one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. During this era Sweden controlled much of the Baltic Sea. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Imperial Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union, a union which lasted until 1905.

Sweden is a highly developed country ranked fifth in the Human Development Index.^[13] It is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy, with legislative power vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. It is a unitary state, divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. It has the world's 14th highest GDP per capita and ranks very highly in quality of life, health, education, protection of civil liberties, economic competitiveness, income equality, gender equality and prosperity.^[14][15] Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 and NATO on 7 March 2024. It is also a member of the United Nations, the Schengen Area, the Council of Europe, the Nordic Council, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

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