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T-antenna
A ‘T’-antenna, ‘T’-aerial, or flat-top antenna is a monopole radio antenna consisting of one or more horizontal wires suspended between two supporting radio masts or buildings and insulated from them at the ends.[1][2] A vertical wire is connected to the center of the horizontal wires and hangs down close to the ground, connected to the transmitter or receiver. The shape of the antenna resembles the letter "T", hence the name. The transmitter power is applied, or the receiver is connected, between the bottom of the vertical wire and a ground connection.[1]
A closely related antenna is the inverted-L antenna. This is similar to the T-antenna except that the vertical feeder wire, instead of being attached to the center of the horizontal topload wires, is attached at one end. The name comes from its resemblance to an inverted letter "L" (Γ). The T-antenna is an omnidirectional antenna, radiating equal radio power in all azimuthal directions, while the inverted-L is a weakly directional antenna, with maximum radio power radiated in the direction of the top load wire, off the end with the feeder attached.
'T'- and inverted-L antennas are typically used in the VLF, LF, MF, and shortwave bands,[3][4]: 578–579 [2] and are widely used as transmitting antennas for amateur radio stations,[5] and long wave and medium wave AM broadcasting stations. They can also be used as receiving antennas for shortwave listening. They function as monopole antennas with capacitive top-loading; other antennas in this category include the umbrella, and triatic antennas. They were invented during the first decades of radio, in the wireless telegraphy era, before 1920.
- ^ a b Graf, Rudolf F. (1999). Modern Dictionary of Electronics (7th ed.). USA: Newnes. p. 761. ISBN 0-7506-9866-7.
- ^ a b Edwards, R. J. (G4FGQ) (1 August 2005). "The Simple Tee Antenna". smeter.net. Antenna design library. Archived from the original on 27 September 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
- ^ Chatterjee, Rajeswari (2006). Antenna Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). New Delhi, IN: New Age International. pp. 243–244. ISBN 81-224-0881-8.
- ^ Rudge, Alan W. (1983). The Handbook of Antenna Design. Vol. 2. IET. pp. 554, 578–579. ISBN 0-906048-87-7.
- ^ Straw, R. Dean, ed. (2000). The ARRL Antenna Book (19th ed.). Newington, CT: American Radio Relay League. p. 6‑36. ISBN 0-87259-817-9.
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