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Tapering (medicine)
In medicine, tapering is the practice of gradually reducing the dosage of a medication to reduce or discontinue it. Generally, tapering is done is to avoid or minimize withdrawal symptoms that arise from neurobiological adaptation to the drug.[1][2]
Prescribed psychotropic drugs that may require tapering due to this physical dependence include opioids,[3][4][5] selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,[6] antipsychotics,[7] anticonvulsants,[8] and benzodiazepines.[9][10]
- ^ Reidenberg, Marcus M. (2011-11-01). "Drug Discontinuation Effects Are Part of the Pharmacology of a Drug". Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 339 (2): 324–328. doi:10.1124/jpet.111.183285. ISSN 0022-3565. PMC 3200000. PMID 21849624.
- ^ Lerner, Alicja; Klein, Michael (2019-01-01). "Dependence, withdrawal and rebound of CNS drugs: an update and regulatory considerations for new drugs development". Brain Communications. 1 (1): fcz025. doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcz025. ISSN 2632-1297. PMC 7425303. PMID 32954266.
- ^ Dowell, Deborah; Haegerich, Tamara M.; Chou, Roger (2016). "CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016". MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 65 (15): 1624–1645. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1er. ISSN 1057-5987. PMC 6390846. PMID 26977696.
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pocket guide: tapering opioids for chronic pain. https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdf/clinical_pocket_guide_tapering-a.pdf . Accessed July 30, 2023.
- ^ Davis, Mellar P.; Digwood, Glen; Mehta, Zankhana; McPherson, Mary Lynn (2020). "Tapering opioids: a comprehensive qualitative review". Annals of Palliative Medicine. 9 (2): 586–610. doi:10.21037/apm.2019.12.10. PMID 32008341.
- ^ Horowitz, Mark Abie; Taylor, David (2019). "Tapering of SSRI treatment to mitigate withdrawal symptoms". The Lancet Psychiatry. 6 (6): 538–546. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30032-x. ISSN 2215-0366. PMID 30850328. S2CID 73507008.
- ^ Potla, Shanthi; Al Qabandi, Yousif; Nandula, Savitri Aninditha; Boddepalli, Chinmayi Sree; Gutlapalli, Sai Dheeraj; Lavu, Vamsi Krishna; Abdelwahab Mohamed Abdelwahab, Rana; Huang, Ruimin; Hamid, Pousette (2023-02-07). "A Systematic Review of the Need for Guideline Recommendations; Slow Tapering vs. Maintenance Dose in Long-Term Antipsychotic Treatment: 2022". Cureus. 15 (2): e34746. doi:10.7759/cureus.34746. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 9904861. PMID 36777974.
- ^ Schachter, Steven C. (2018). "Determining when to stop antiepileptic drug treatment". Current Opinion in Neurology. 31 (2): 211–215. doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000530. ISSN 1350-7540. PMID 29324507. S2CID 206124004.
- ^ FDA. (2020). U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA Requiring Boxed Warning Updated to Improve Safe Use of Benzodiazepine Drug Class Includes Potential for Abuse, Addiction, and Other Serious Risks.https://www.fda.gov/media/142368/download
- ^ Baandrup, Lone; Ebdrup, Bjørn H; Rasmussen, Jesper Ø; Lindschou, Jane; Gluud, Christian; Glenthøj, Birte Y (2018-03-15). Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group (ed.). "Pharmacological interventions for benzodiazepine discontinuation in chronic benzodiazepine users". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (3): CD011481. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011481.pub2. PMC 6513394. PMID 29543325.
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