Template:Infobox tin

	child table, as reused in {IB-Sn} v; e; h;
Main isotopes of tin

Tin, ₅₀Sn
Tin
Allotropes	silvery-white, β (beta); gray, α (alpha)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Sn)
	118.710±0.007; 118.71±0.01 (abridged);
Tin in the periodic table
	indium ← tin → antimony
Atomic number (Z)	50
Group	group 14 (carbon group)
Period	period 5
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	505.08 K (231.93 °C, 449.47 °F)
Boiling point	2875 K (2602 °C, 4716 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	white (β): 7.289 g/cm3; gray (α): 5.770 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.99 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	white (β): 7.03 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	white (β): 296.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	white (β): 27.112 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: −4, +2, +4; −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +3
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.96
Ionization energies	1st: 708.6 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1411.8 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2943.0 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 140 pm
Covalent radius	139±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	217 pm
	Spectral lines of tin
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	white (β): body-centered tetragonal (tI4)
Lattice constants	white (β):; a = 583.13 pm; c = 318.11 pm; (at 20 °C)
Crystal structure	gray (α): face-centered diamond-cubic (cF8)
Lattice constant	gray (α):; a = 648.96 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	white (β): 21.76×10−6/K (at 20 °C); gray (α): 5.20×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	66.8 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	115 nΩ⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	white (β): paramagnetic; gray (α): diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	white (β): +3.1×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	18 GPa
Bulk modulus	58 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	2730 m/s (at r.t.) (rolled)
Poisson ratio	0.36
Mohs hardness	1.5
Brinell hardness	50–440 MPa
CAS Number	7440-31-5
History
Discovery	protohistoric, around 35th century BC
Symbol	"Sn": from Latin stannum
Isotopes of tin v; e;
	Category: Tin; view; talk; edit; \| references

Sn · Tin
In ← ibox In	^iso ₅₀Sn [e] IB-Sn [e] IBisos [e]	→ Sb ibox Sb
cat:Sn (22) cat:Sn-isotopes (101) Commons Wikidata:Q1096 Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (46) · (this table: v )

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tin". CIAAW. 1983.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^ Sn(−3) has been observed in [Sn₂]⁶⁻, e.g. in (Ba₂)⁴⁺(Mg₄)⁸⁺Sn⁴⁻(Sn₂)⁶⁻Sn²⁻ (with square (Sn²⁻)_n sheets), see Papoian, Garegin A.; Hoffmann, Roald (2000). "Hypervalent Bonding in One, Two, and Three Dimensions: Extending the Zintl–Klemm Concept to Nonclassical Electron-Rich Networks". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000 (39): 2408–2448. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20000717)39:14<2408::aid-anie2408>3.0.co;2-u. PMID 10941096. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
^ Sn(−2) has been observed in SrSn; see Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2008). Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (in German) (102 ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 1007. ISBN 9783110206845.
^ Sn(−1) has been observed in CsSn; see Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2008). Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (in German) (102 ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 1007. ISBN 9783110206845.
^ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
^ "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
^ "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
^ ^a ^b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Tin". CIAAW. 1983.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[4] Sn(−3) has been observed in [Sn₂]⁶⁻, e.g. in (Ba₂)⁴⁺(Mg₄)⁸⁺Sn⁴⁻(Sn₂)⁶⁻Sn²⁻ (with square (Sn²⁻)_n sheets), see Papoian, Garegin A.; Hoffmann, Roald (2000). "Hypervalent Bonding in One, Two, and Three Dimensions: Extending the Zintl–Klemm Concept to Nonclassical Electron-Rich Networks". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000 (39): 2408–2448. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20000717)39:14<2408::aid-anie2408>3.0.co;2-u. PMID 10941096. Retrieved 2015-02-23.

[5] Sn(−2) has been observed in SrSn; see Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2008). Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (in German) (102 ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 1007. ISBN 9783110206845.

[6] Sn(−1) has been observed in CsSn; see Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2008). Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (in German) (102 ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 1007. ISBN 9783110206845.

[ZeroValentTin3-7] "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

[8] "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[9] "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 January 2013.

[11] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[12] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[NUBASE2020-13] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

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Template:Infobox tin

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