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Tiele people
*Tegreg? | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Northern China, Altai Mountains, Xinjiang (Dzungaria) and the Pontic–Caspian steppe (by 6th century)[1] | |
| Languages | |
| Turkic | |
| Religion | |
| Tengrism, Shamanism, Buddhism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Dingling, Xiongnu, and later Turkic peoples |
| History of the Turkic peoples pre–14th century |
|---|
 |
The Tiele,[a][b] also named Gaoche or Gaoju,[3][4][5][c] were a tribal confederation of Turkic ethnic origins[6] living to the north of China proper and in Central Asia, emerging after the disintegration of the confederacy of the Xiongnu.[7] Chinese sources associate them with the earlier Dingling.[8][9][10][d]
- ^ Duan, "Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele", map. 4, 6, 13, 16, 17 (no page.no).
- ^ "Ḡozz" at Encyclopædia Iranica
- ^ Drompp, Michael Robert (2005). Tang China and the Collapse of the Uighur Empire: A Documentary History. BRILL. p. 41, n. 7. ISBN 90-04-14129-4.
- ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1991). "The "High Carts": An amalgamation of Mongolic and Turkic Speaking People before the Türks". Asia Major. Third series. 3 (1). Academia Sinica: 21–22.
- ^ Millward, James A. (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. Hurst. p. 42, note 2. ISBN 978-1-84904-067-9.
- ^ Mackerras, Colin (1972). The Uighur empire : according to the T'ang dynastic histories : a study in Sino-Uighur relations, 744–840 (2nd edition revised and expanded. ed.). Canberra: Australian national university press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0708104576.
- ^ Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi. Peter de Ridder Press. 1983. p. 111.
- ^ Xin Tangshu vol. 217a "回紇，其先匈奴也，俗多乘高輪車，元魏時亦號高車部，或曰敕勒，訛為鐵勒。" tr: "Uyghurs. Because, customarily, they ride high-wheeled carts. In Yuan Wei time, they were also called Gaoju (i.e. High-Cart) tribe. Or called Chile, or mistakenly as Tiele."
- ^ Weishu Vol 103 Gaoju "高車，蓋古赤狄之餘種也，[...] 諸夏以為高車丁零。" tr. "Gaoju, probably the remnant stock of the ancient Red Di. [...] The various Xia (i.e. Chinese) considered them Gaoju Dingling (i.e. Dingling with High Cart)"
- ^ Cheng, Fangyi. "The Research on the Identification between the Tiele (鐵勒) and the Oğuric tribes" in Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi ed. Th. T. Allsen, P. B. Golden, R. K. Kovalev, A. P. Martinez. 19 (2012). Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden. p. 87
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