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Tint, shade and tone
 | This article's lead section contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article. (September 2024) |
In color theory, a tint is a mixture of a color with white, which increases lightness, while a shade is a mixture with black, which increases darkness. Both processes affect the resulting color mixture's relative saturation. A tone is produced either by mixing a color with gray, or by both tinting and shading.[1] Mixing a color with any neutral color (including black, gray, and white) reduces the chroma, or colorfulness, while the hue (the relative mixture of red, green, blue, etc., depending on the colorspace) remains unchanged.
In the graphic arts, especially printmaking and drawing, "tone" has a different meaning, referring to areas of continuous color, produced by various means, as opposed to the linear marks made by an engraved or drawn line.
In common language, the term shade can be generalized to encompass any varieties of a particular color, whether technically they are shades, tints, tones, or slightly different hues.[2] Meanwhile, the term tint can be generalized to refer to any lighter or darker variation of a color (e.g. "tinted windows").[3]
When mixing colored light (additive color models), the achromatic mixture of spectrally balanced red, green, and blue (RGB) is always white, not gray or black. When we mix colorants, such as the pigments in paint mixtures, a color is produced which is always darker and lower in chroma, or saturation, than the parent colors. This moves the mixed color toward a neutral color—a gray or near-black. Lights are made brighter or dimmer by adjusting their brightness, i.e., energy level; in painting, lightness is adjusted through mixture with white, black, or a color's complement.
The Color Triangle depicting tint, shade, and tone was proposed in 1937 by Faber Birren.[4]
- ^ Color Theory: An Essential Guide to Color-from Basic Principles to Practical Applications by Patti Mollica, page 17, ISBN 1-60058-302-4, 9781600583025
- ^ "Definition of SHADE". www.merriam-webster.com. 15 February 2024.
- ^ "Definition of TINT". www.merriam-webster.com. 9 February 2024.
- ^ Birren, Faber (1937). Functional Color. New York: The Crimson Press. p. Plate 1. ISBN 978-1162978840
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