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Twelve Tribes of Israel

Mosaic depicting the twelve tribes and their Hebrew names, with symbolic images.
*Asher: a tree
*Dan: Scales of justice
*Judah: Kinnor, cithara and crown, symbolising King David
*Reuben: Mandrake (Genesis 30:14)
*Joseph: Palm tree and sheaves of wheat, symbolizing his time in Egypt
*Naphtali: gazelle (Genesis 49:21)
*Issachar: Sun, moon and stars (1 Chronicles 12:32)
*Simeon: towers and walls of the city of Shechem
*Benjamin: jug, ladle and fork
*Gad: tents, symbolizing their itinerancy as cattle-herders
*Zebulun: ship, due to their bordering the Sea of Galilee and Mediterranean
*Levi: Priestly breastplate, symbolizing the Kohanim

The Twelve Tribes of Israel (Hebrew: שִׁבְטֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל, romanizedŠīḇṭēy Yīsrāʾēl, lit.'Staffs of Israel') are, according to Hebrew scriptures, the descendants of the biblical patriarch Jacob (also known as Israel), who collectively form the Israelite nation. The tribes were through his twelve sons through his wives, Leah and Rachel, and his concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah. In modern scholarship, there is skepticism as to whether there ever were twelve Israelite tribes, with the use of the number 12 thought more likely to signify a symbolic tradition as part of a national founding myth,[1] although some scholars disagree with this view.[2]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Glassman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Blum, Erhard (2020). "The Israelite Tribal System: Literary Fiction or Social Reality?". In Krause, Joachim J.; Sergi, Omer; Weingart, Kristin (eds.). Saul, Benjamin, and the Emergence of Monarchy in Israel: Biblical and Archaeological Perspectives. SBL Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-88414-451-9.

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