Extinct genus of marine squamate reptiles
"Rhinosaurus" redirects here. For the mammal, see
Rhinoceros .
Tylosaurus
Mounted cast of the T. proriger "Bunker" specimen (KUVP 5033)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Order:
Squamata
Clade :
† Mosasauria
Family:
† Mosasauridae
Clade :
† Russellosaurina
Subfamily:
† Tylosaurinae
Genus:
† Tylosaurus Marsh , 1872
Type species
† Tylosaurus proriger
Other species
† T. nepaeolicus (Cope, 1874)
† T. bernardi (Dollo , 1885)
† T. gaudryi (Thevenin, 1896)
† T. ivoensis (Persson, 1963)
† T. iembeensis (Antunes , 1964)
† T. pembinensis (Nicholls , 1988)
† T. saskatchewanensis Jiménez-Huidobro et al. , 2018
† T. kansasensis Everhart, 2005
† T. "borealis" Garvey, 2020
Synonyms
Elliptonodon Emmons, 1858
Rhamphosaurus Cope, 1872
Rhinosaurus Marsh, 1872
Hainosaurus Dollo, 1885
Macrosaurus proriger Cope, 1869
Macrosaurus pririger Cope, 1869
Liodon proriger Cope, 1869
Rhinosaurus proriger Marsh, 1872
Rhinosaurus micromus Cope, 1872
Tylosaurus dyspelor Leidy, 1873
Tylosaurus micromus Merriam, 1894
Synonyms of T. nepaeolicus
Liodon nepaeolicus Cope, 1874
Tylosaurus kansasensis ? Everhart, 2005
Hainosaurus bernardi Dollo, 1885
Mosasaurus gaudryi Thevenin, 1896
Hainosaurus gaudryi Lingham-Soliar, 1992
Leiodon lundgreni Schröder, 1885
Mosasaurus hoffmanni ivoensis Persson, 1963
Mosasaurus ivoensis Russell, 1967
Hainosaurus ivoensis Lindgren, 1998
Synonyms of T. iembeensis
Mosasaurus iembeensis Antunes, 1964
Synonyms of T. pembinensis
Hainosaurus pembinensis Nicholls, 1988
Tylosaurus (; "knob lizard"[ a] ) is a genus of russellosaurine mosasaur (an extinct group of predatory marine lizards ) that lived about 92 to 66 million years ago during the Turonian to Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous . Its fossils have been found primarily around North Atlantic Ocean including in North America , Europe , and Africa .
^ Ogg, J.G.; Hinnov, L.A. (2012), "Cretaceous", in Gradstein, F. M.; Ogg, J. G.; Schmitz, M. D.; Ogg, G. M. (eds.), The Geologic Time Scale , Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 793– 853, doi :10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00027-5 , ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9 , S2CID 127523816
^ Polycn, M.J.; Bell Jr., G.L.; Shimada, K.; Everhart, M.J. (2008). "The oldest North American mosasaurs (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas and Texas with comments on the radiation of major mosasaur clades" . Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting : 137– 155.
^ Abelaid Loera Flores (2013). "Occurrence of a tylosaurine mosasaur (Mosasauridae; Russellosaurina) from the Turonian of Chihuahua State, Mexico" (PDF) . Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana . 65 (1): 99– 107. doi :10.18268/BSGM2013v65n1a8 .
^ J.W.M. Jagt; J. Lindgren; M. Machalski; A. Radwański (2005). "New records of the tylosaurine mosasaur Hainosaurus from the Campanian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of central Poland" . Netherlands Journal of Geosciences . 84 (Special Issue 3): 303– 306. Bibcode :2005NJGeo..84..303J . doi :10.1017/S0016774600021077 .
^ J.J. Hornung; M. Reich (2015). "Tylosaurine mosasaurs (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Germany" . Netherlands Journal of Geosciences . 94 (1): 55– 71. Bibcode :2015NJGeo..94...55H . doi :10.1017/njg.2014.31 . S2CID 129384273 .
^ Paulina Jiménez-Huidobro; Michael W. Caldwell (2019). "A New Hypothesis of the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Tylosaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauroidea)" . Frontiers in Earth Science . 7 (47): 47. Bibcode :2019FrEaS...7...47J . doi :10.3389/feart.2019.00047 . S2CID 85513442 .
^ Louis L. Jacobs; Octávio Mateus; Michael J. Polcyn; Anne S. Schulp; Miguel Telles Antunes; Maria Luísa Morais; Tatiana da Silva Tavares (2006). "The occurrence and geological setting of Cretaceous dinosaurs, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, and turtles from Angola" (PDF) . Paleontological Society of Korea . 22 (1): 91– 110.
^ Norbert Keutgen; Zbigniew Remin; John W.M. Jagt (2017). "The late Maastrichtian Belemnella kazimiroviensis group (Cephalopoda, Coleoidea) in the Middle Vistula valley (Poland) and the Maastricht area (the Netherlands, Belgium) – taxonomy and palaeobiological implications" . Palaeontologia Electronica . 20.2.38A: 1– 29. doi :10.26879/671 .
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha>
tags or {{efn}}
templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
template or {{notelist}}
template (see the help page ).