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United Progressive Alliance
United Progressive Alliance IAST: Saṁyukta Pragatiśīl Gaṭhabandhan | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | UPA |
| Founder | Sonia Gandhi |
| Founded | 6 May 2004 |
| Dissolved | 18 July 2023 |
| Succeeded by | Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) |
| Ideology | Liberalism[4] Social liberalism[10] |
| Political position | Centre to centre-left[11] |
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The United Progressive Alliance (UPA; IAST: Saṁyukta Pragatiśīl Gaṭhabandhan) was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress. It was formed after the 2004 general election with support from left-leaning political parties when no single party got the majority.[12]
The UPA subsequently governed India from 2004 until 2014 for two terms before losing power to their main rivals, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance. The UPA used to rule seven States and union territories of India before it was dissolved to form the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance on 18 July 2023 ahead of the 2024 general election.[13][14]
- ^ Lowell Barrington (2009). Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices. Cengage Learning. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-618-49319-7.
- ^ Meyer, Karl Ernest; Brysac, Shareen Blair (2012). Pax Ethnica: Where and How Diversity Succeeds. PublicAffairs. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-61039-048-4. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- ^ "UPA and secularism". researchgate.net. May 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ [1][2][3]
- ^ DeSouza, Peter Ronald (2006). India's Political Parties Readings in Indian Government and Politics series. SAGE Publishing. p. 420. ISBN 978-9-352-80534-1.
- ^ Rosow, Stephen J.; George, Jim (2014). Globalization and Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 91–96. ISBN 978-1-442-21810-9.
- ^ N. S. Gehlot (1991). The Congress Party in India: Policies, Culture, Performance. Deep & Deep Publications. pp. 150–200. ISBN 978-81-7100-306-8.
- ^ Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN 978-1-107-18943-0.
- ^ Agrawal, S. P.; Aggarwal, J. C., eds. (1989). Nehru on Social Issues. New Delhi: Concept Publishing. ISBN 978-817022207-1.
- ^ [5][6][7][8][9]
- ^ "United Progressive Alliance political organization, India".
- ^ "United Progressive Alliance, UPA, UPA Performance General Election 2009, UPA Tally, UPA in Lok Sabha Elections 2009, India Elections 2009, General Elections, Election Manifesto, India Election News, India Elections Results, Indian Election Schedule, 15th Lok Sabha Elections, General Elections 2009, State Assembly Elections, State Assembly Elections Schedule, State Assembly Election Results". electionaffairs.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012.
- ^ "Opposition meeting: 26 Indian parties form alliance to take on PM Modi". BBC News.
- ^ "NDA vs I.N.D.I.A in 2024 as UPA rebrands itself as Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance at Opposition meet". Financialexpress. 18 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
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التحالف التقدمي المتحد Arabic Аб’яднаны прагрэсіўны альянс BE यूनाइटेड प्रोग्रेसिव अलायंस BH সংযুক্ত প্রগতিশীল জোট Bengali/Bangla United Progressive Alliance German Ενωμένη Προοδευτική Συμμαχία Greek Alianza Progresista Unida Spanish یوپا FA Alliance progressiste unie French संयुक्त प्रगतिशील गठबंधन HI
