Regenerative therapy based on electrostimulation
V-EMF therapy is a therapy that is based on the synergy between electromagnetic fields, vacuum and low-intensity electrostimulation. It is also known as Biodermogenesi. The electromagnetic field is generated with a variable frequency between 0.5 and 2 MHz.
Electromagnetic fields are able to promote the repair processes of skin lesions[ 1] [ 2] with a reduction in healing time and scar size and with an increase in the re-epithelialization process.[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] They also promote the migration and subsequent stabilization of different cell types involved in the processes of regeneration, tissue engineering and wound care.[ 6]
The data in the literature show that the therapeutic application of electromagnetic fields allows to obtain satisfactory results in the regeneration of degenerated or traumatized or injured tissue[ 7] [ 8] [ 9] reaching the healing and regeneration of permanent lesions.[ 10] [ 11] [ 12] In addition, they have been shown to be useful in reducing fibrosis both in the treatment of cellulite[ 13] and in the treatment of fibrotic, hypertrophic and keloid scars.[ 14]
Similarly to electromagnetic fields, the application of vacuum, in this therapy adopted with negative pressure between 8 and 16 hundredths of Bar, has shown considerable effectiveness in reducing skin fibrosis due to cellulite and scarring.[ 15]
As for low-intensity electrostimulation, or electroporation, delivered at 5 VDC, it is able to increase skin nourishment.[ 16] The three forms of energy used simultaneously are the basis of V-EMF therapy, which has shown significant results in various fields of application. The therapeutic protocol has proven effective in the treatment of burn scars[ 17] [ 18] post-surgical[ 17] [ 19] trauma[ 19] and chemical burn,[ 20] 20 in the treatment of stretch marks[ 21] [ 22] [ 23] [ 24] and in anti-aging therapy.[ 25]
^ Pesce, Mirko; Patruno, Antonia; Speranza, Lorenza; Reale, Marcella (2013). "Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and wound healing: implication of cytokines as biological mediators" . European Cytokine Network . 24 (1): 1– 10. doi :10.1684/ecn.2013.0332 . ISSN 1148-5493 . PMID 23674517 .
^ Geng, D.Y.; Li, C.H.; Wan, X.W.; Xu, G.Z. (2014). "Biochemical kinetics of cell proliferation regulated by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field" . Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering . 24 (1): 1391– 1397. doi :10.3233/BME-130943 . PMID 24212036 .
^ Ieran, M.; Zaffuto, S.; Bagnacani, M.; Annovi, M.; Moratti, A.; Cadossi, R. (1990). "Effect of low frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields on skin ulcers of venous origin in humans: A double-blind study" . Journal of Orthopaedic Research . 8 (2): 276– 282. doi :10.1002/jor.1100080217 . ISSN 0736-0266 . PMID 2303961 .
^ Ross, Christina; Harrison (2013). "Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on inflammatory pathway markers in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages" . Journal of Inflammation Research . 6 : 45– 51. doi :10.2147/JIR.S40269 . ISSN 1178-7031 . PMC 3617815 . PMID 23576877 .
^ Cheing, Gladys Lai-Ying; Li, Xiaohui; Huang, Lin; Kwan, Rachel Lai-Chu; Cheung, Kwok-Kuen (2014). "Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) promote early wound healing and myofibroblast proliferation in diabetic rats" . Bioelectromagnetics . 35 (3): 161– 169. doi :10.1002/bem.21832 . ISSN 0197-8462 . PMID 24395219 .
^ Ross, Christina L. (2017). "The use of electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic field for directed cell migration and adhesion in regenerative medicine" . Biotechnology Progress . 33 (1): 5– 16. doi :10.1002/btpr.2371 . ISSN 8756-7938 . PMID 27797153 .
^ Messerli, Mark A.; Graham, David M. (2011). "Extracellular Electrical Fields Direct Wound Healing and Regeneration" . The Biological Bulletin . 221 (1): 79– 92. doi :10.1086/bblv221n1p79 . hdl :1912/4797 . ISSN 0006-3185 . PMID 21876112 .
^ Pilla, Arthur A. (2013-05-15). "Nonthermal electromagnetic fields: From first messenger to therapeutic applications" . Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine . 32 (2): 123– 136. doi :10.3109/15368378.2013.776335 . ISSN 1536-8378 . PMID 23675615 .
^ Boyette, Melissa Y.; Herrera-Soto, Jose A. (2012). "Treatment of Delayed and Nonunited Fractures and Osteotomies With Pulsed Electromagnetic Field in Children and Adolescents" . Orthopedics . 35 (7): e1051-5. doi :10.3928/01477447-20120621-20 . ISSN 0147-7447 . PMID 22784899 .
^ Fredericks, Douglas C.; Nepola, James V.; Baker, Joy T.; Abbott, Joan; Simon, Bruce (2000). "Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Bone Healing in a Rabbit Tibial Osteotomy Model" . Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma . 14 (2): 93– 100. doi :10.1097/00005131-200002000-00004 . ISSN 0890-5339 . PMID 10716379 .
^ Bogie, Kath M.; Reger, Steven I.; Levine, Simon P.; Sahgal, Vinod (2000-06-30). "Electrical Stimulation for Pressure Sore Prevention and Wound Healing" . Assistive Technology . 12 (1): 50– 66. doi :10.1080/10400435.2000.10132009 . ISSN 1040-0435 . PMID 11067577 .
^ Martínez-Rodríguez, Alicia; Bello, Olalla; Fraiz, Manuel; Martinez-Bustelo, Sandra (2013-06-20). "The effect of alternating and biphasic currents on humans' wound healing: a literature review" . International Journal of Dermatology . 52 (9): 1053– 1062. doi :10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05836.x . hdl :2183/15804 . ISSN 0011-9059 . PMID 23786603 .
^ Valentim da Silva, Rodrigo Marcel; Barichello, Priscila Arend; Medeiros, Melyssa Lima; Mendonça, Waléria Cristina Miranda de; Dantas, Jung Siung Camel; Ronzio, Oscar Ariel; Froes, Patricia Meyer; Galadari, Hassan (2013). "Effect of Capacitive Radiofrequency on the Fibrosis of Patients with Cellulite" . Dermatology Research and Practice . 2013 : 1– 6. doi :10.1155/2013/715829 . ISSN 1687-6105 . PMC 3810212 . PMID 24223586 .
^ Hernández-Bule, María Luisa; Toledano-Macías, Elena; Pérez-González, Luis Alfonso; Martínez-Pascual, María Antonia; Fernández-Guarino, Montserrat (2023-07-01). "Anti-Fibrotic Effects of RF Electric Currents" . International Journal of Molecular Sciences . 24 (13): 10986. doi :10.3390/ijms241310986 . ISSN 1422-0067 . PMC 10341950 . PMID 37446165 .
^ Duscher, Dominik; Maan, Zeshaan N.; Wong, Victor W.; Rennert, Robert C.; Januszyk, Michael; Rodrigues, Melanie; Hu, Michael; Whitmore, Arnetha J.; Whittam, Alexander J.; Longaker, Michael T.; Gurtner, Geoffrey C. (2014). "Mechanotransduction and fibrosis" . Journal of Biomechanics . 47 (9): 1997– 2005. doi :10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.03.031 . PMC 4425300 . PMID 24709567 .
^ Pacini, Stefania; Punzi, Tiziana; Gulisano, Massimo; Cecchi, Fabiola; Vannucchi, Simonetta; Ruggiero, Marco (2006). "Transdermal Delivery of Heparin Using Pulsed Current Iontophoresis" . Pharmaceutical Research . 23 (1): 114– 120. doi :10.1007/s11095-005-8923-z . ISSN 0724-8741 . PMID 16362453 .
^ a b Nicoletti, Giovanni; Perugini, Paola; Bellino, Sara; Capra, Priscilla; Malovini, Alberto; Jaber, Omar; Tresoldi, Marco; Faga, Angela (2017). "Scar Remodeling with the Association of Monopolar Capacitive Radiofrequency, Electric Stimulation, and Negative Pressure" . Photomedicine and Laser Surgery . 35 (5): 246– 258. doi :10.1089/pho.2016.4180 . ISSN 1557-8550 . PMC 5439422 . PMID 28128685 .
^ Veronese, Sheila; Aggarwal, Rajeev; Giovanelli, Tiziana; Sbarbati, Andrea (2024-02-11). "Hyper- and Hypopigmentation in a Subject with Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype VI: A New Treatment Option" . Journal of Clinical Medicine . 13 (4): 1036. doi :10.3390/jcm13041036 . ISSN 2077-0383 . PMC 10889290 . PMID 38398349 .
^ a b Veronese, Sheila; Beatini, Annalisa; Urbani, Claudio; Lanza, Eliana; Paz, Oscar Mosquera; Saussaye, Yannick; Lomuto, Michele; Sbarbati, Andrea (2022). "V-EMF treatment of facial scar: First results" . Journal of Tissue Viability . 31 (4): 614– 618. doi :10.1016/j.jtv.2022.07.006 . PMID 35853796 .
^ Veronese, Sheila; Brunetti, Bruno; Minichino, Anna; Sbarbati, Andrea (2022-12-13). "Vacuum and Electromagnetic Fields Treatment to Regenerate a Diffuse Mature Facial Scar Caused by Sulfuric Acid Assault" . Bioengineering . 9 (12): 799. doi :10.3390/bioengineering9120799 . ISSN 2306-5354 . PMC 9774184 . PMID 36551005 .
^ Laura, Simona; Veronese, Sheila; Alberti, Giovanni; Bacci, Pier Antonio; Beatini, Annalisa; Fulgione, Elisabetta; Urbani, Claudio; Sbarbati, Andrea (2023-06-20). "Vacuum and electromagnetic field in synergy for skin rejuvenation: A retrospective study on 217 patients" . Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology . 22 (11): 2989– 2995. doi :10.1111/jocd.15871 . ISSN 1473-2130 . PMID 37340588 .
^ Bacci, P. A.; Alberti, G.; Amuso, D.; Artigiani, A.; Roig, V. Benitez; Nardo, V. Di; Garcia-Gimenez, V.; Greco, D.; Laura, S.; Pagano, M.; Reale, A.; Sarracco, I.; Saracoglu, S.; Urbani, C.; Venditti, E. (2021-06-01). "The synergy between vacuum and electromagnetic fields in the treatment of striae distensae: retrospective study on 917 patients with clinical and histological case records" . Journal of Applied Cosmetology . 39 (1): 2/13. ISSN 2974-6140 .
^ Scarano, Antonio; Sbarbati, Andrea; Amore, Roberto; L. Iorio, Eugenio; Ferraro, Giuseppe; Lorusso, Felice; Amuso, Domenico (2021). "A new treatment for stretch marks and skin ptosis with electromagnetic fields and negative pressure: A clinical and histological study" . Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery . 14 (2): 222– 228. doi :10.4103/jcas.jcas_122_20 . ISSN 0974-2077 . PMC 8423202 . PMID 34566367 .
^ Veronese, Sheila; Bacci, Pier Antonio; Garcia-Gimenez, Victor (2024). "V-EMF therapy: A new painless and completely non-invasive treatment for striae gravidarum" . Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology . 23 (6): 2007– 2014. doi :10.1111/jocd.16220 . ISSN 1473-2130 . PMID 38549181 .
^ Laura, Simona; Veronese, Sheila; Alberti, Giovanni; Bacci, Pier Antonio; Beatini, Annalisa; Fulgione, Elisabetta; Urbani, Claudio; Sbarbati, Andrea (2023). "Vacuum and electromagnetic field in synergy for skin rejuvenation: A retrospective study on 217 patients" . Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology . 22 (11): 2989– 2995. doi :10.1111/jocd.15871 . ISSN 1473-2130 . PMID 37340588 .