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VMRO-DPMNE
 | This article contains unreferenced categories. (October 2024) |
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за македонско национално единство | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | VMRO-DPMNE |
| Leader | Hristijan Mickoski[1] |
| Secretary-General | Gjorgjija Sajkoski |
| Vice-President | Aleksandar Nikoloski Vlado Misajlovski Timčo Mucunski Gordana Dimitrievska Kocovska |
| Founders | Ljubčo Georgievski[4] Dragan Bogdanovski Boris Zmejkovski Gojko Jakovlevski[5] |
| Founded | 17 June 1990 |
| Headquarters | Skopje |
| Youth wing | Youth Force Union |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Centre-right to right-wing |
| National affiliation | Your Macedonia |
| European affiliation | European People's Party (associate) |
| International affiliation | International Democracy Union[3] |
| Colours | Red Black Gold |
| Assembly | 55 / 120 |
| Mayors | 42 / 80 |
| Local councils | 468 / 1,333 |
| Skopje city council | 18 / 45 |
| Website | |
| vmro-dpmne | |
The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (Macedonian: Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација – Демократска партија за македонско национално единство), abbreviated as VMRO-DPMNE (Macedonian: ВМРО–ДПМНЕ), is a conservative[6][7] and the main centre-right[8][9][10] to right-wing[11] political party in North Macedonia.
It was established as a nationalist and anti-communist party. It has later rebranded itself as Christian-democratic.[4][7][12] The party claims that their goals and objectives are to express the tradition of the Macedonian people on whose political struggle and concepts it is based.[13][14] Nevertheless, it has formed multiple coalition governments with ethnic minority parties.[15] Under the leadership of Ljubčo Georgievski in the 1990s, the party supported Macedonian independence from Socialist Yugoslavia, and led a policy of closer relationships with Bulgaria.[16] Georgievski left VMRO-DPMNE and formed the VMRO – People's Party in 2004.[17]
Under the leadership of Nikola Gruevski, the party promoted ultranationalist[18] identity politics in the form of antiquisation. Its nationalist stances were often also anti-Albanian.[19] During Gruevski's leadership the party changed from a pro-European and а pro-NATO policy, to a Russophilic, pro-Serbian and anti-Western one.[20][further explanation needed] His government also managed to build strong anti-EU sentiments within the country.[21][further explanation needed]
- ^ "Мицкоски се обрати кон своите сопартијци од ВМРО-ДПМНЕ: Еве што им порача" [Mickoski addressed his fellow party members from VMRO-DPMNE: Here is what he told them]. Biznis Vesti (in Macedonian). 23 December 2017. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
- ^ Jebb, Cindy R. (2006). The Fight for Legitimacy: Democracy vs. Terrorism. Praeger Publishing. p. 65. ISBN 978-0275991890.
- ^ "Members". International Democracy Union. February 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ a b Berglund, Sten, ed. (2013). The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 621–622. ISBN 978-1782545880.
- ^ Daskalovski, Židas (2006). Walking on the Edge: Consolidating Multiethnic Macedonia, 1989-2004. Globic. p. 46. ISBN 978-0977666232.
- ^ Bakke, Elisabeth (2010). "Central and East European party systems since 1989". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989. Cambridge University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-521-88810-3.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2020). "North Macedonia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007). The Balkans: A Post-Communist History. Taylor & Francis. p. 419. ISBN 978-0-415-22962-3.
- ^ Piano, Aili (30 September 2009). Freedom in the World 2009: The Annual Survey of Political Rights & Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 433. ISBN 978-1-4422-0122-4.
- ^ Fluri, Philipp H.; Gustenau, Gustav E.; Pantev, Plamen I. (19 September 2005). "Macedonian Reform Perspectives". The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in South East Europe: Continuing Democratic Reform and Adapting to the Needs of Fighting Terrorism. Springer. p. 170. ISBN 978-3-7908-1572-6.
- ^ Atanasov, Petar (2005). "Macedonian Reform Perspectives". In Fluri, Philipp H.; Gustenau, Gustav E.; Pantev, Plamen I. (eds.). The Evolution of Civil–Military Relations in South East Europe: Continuing Democratic Reform and Adapting to the Needs of Fighting Terrorism. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 170. ISBN 978-3-7908-1572-6.
- ^ "Key political Parties in Macedonia". Balkan Insight. 27 September 2012.
- ^ "Вмро – Дпмне". Vmro-dpmne.org.mk. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ Eben Friedman (2004). "Party System, Electoral Systems and Minority Representation in the Republic of Macedonia from 1990 to 2002". European Yearbook of Minority Issues: 2002-2003. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 231, 234–236. ISBN 9789004138391.
- ^ ""Победи Македонија со организирањето на уште едни фер и демократски избори"". MKD.MK (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ Stefan Troebst (1997). "An Ethnic War That Did Not Take Place: Macedonia, Its Minorities and Its Neighbours in the 1990s". In David Turton (ed.). War and Ethnicity: Global Connections and Local Violence. University of Rochester Press. p. 78. ISBN 9781878822826.
- ^ Dimitar Bechev (2019). Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 124–125, 149–151. ISBN 9781538119624.
- ^ Arianna Piacentini (2019). "Make Macedonia Great Again! The New Face of Skopje and the Macedonians' identity dilemma". In Evinç Doğan (ed.). Reinventing Eastern Europe: Imaginaries, Identities and Transformations. London: Transnational Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-1910781876.
- ^ Tom Lansford, ed. (2019). Political Handbook of the World 2018-2019. CQ Press. p. 968. ISBN 978-1544327136.
- ^
- Gurakuç Kuçi (24 April 2024). "Hybrid Warfare And The Importance Of Elections In Geopolitics: The Case Of North Macedonia – Analysis". Eurasia Review.
- Irena Rajcinovska Pandeva (2022). "North Macedonia and Russia: An Ambiguous Relationship". In Michael Kaeding; Johannes Pollak; Paul Schmidt (eds.). Russia and the Future of Europe. Springer International Publishing. pp. 145–148. ISBN 9783030956479.
- Tomáš Vlček; Martin Jirušek (2019). Russian Oil Enterprises in Europe: Investments and Regional Influence. Springer. p. 143. ISBN 978-3030198398.
- Vassilis Petsinis (22 May 2015). "From pro-American to pro-Russian? Nikola Gruevski as a political chameleon". openDemocracy.
- Jasmin Mujanovic (2018). Hunger and Fury: The Crisis of Democracy in the Balkans. Oxford University Press. pp. 115, 162. ISBN 978-0190877392.
- Aubrey Belford (4 June 2017). "Leaked Documents Show Russian, Serbian Attempts to Meddle in Macedonia". Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project.
- ^ Irena Rajcinovska Pandeva (2021). "North Macedonia: The Name in Exchange for European Union Membership?". In Michael Kaeding; Johannes Pollak; Paul Schmidt (eds.). Euroscepticism and the Future of Europe. Springer Nature. p. 107. ISBN 9783030412722.
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منظمة الداخلية المقدونية الثورية - الحزب الديمقراطي للوحدة الوطنية المقدونية Arabic Нутраная македонская рэвалюцыйная арганізацыя — Дэмакратычная партыя за македонскае нацыянальнае адзінства BE-X-OLD ВМРО – Демократическа партия за македонско национално единство Bulgarian VMRO–DPMNE Catalan VMRO-DPMNE Czech Innere Mazedonische Revolutionäre Organisation – Demokratische Partei für Mazedonische Nationale Einheit German Εσωτερική Μακεδονική Επαναστατική Οργάνωση - Δημοκρατικό Κόμμα για τη Μακεδονική Εθνική Ενότητα Greek Organización Revolucionaria Interna de Macedonia - Partido Democrático para la Unidad Nacional Macedonia Spanish VMRO-DPMNE Finnish Organisation révolutionnaire macédonienne intérieure - Parti démocratique pour l'unité nationale macédonienne French
