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Volga Tatars
татарлар • tatarlar | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Total population | |
| c. 6.5 million | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Russia:
| 5,310,649[1] |
 Uzbekistan | 467,829[2] |
 Kazakhstan | 203,371[3] |
 Ukraine | 73,304-400,000[4] |
 Turkmenistan | 36,355[5] |
 Kyrgyzstan | 28,334[6] |
 Azerbaijan | 25,900[7] |
 Turkey | 25,500[8] |
 China | 5,000 |
 Lithuania | 4,000 |
 Estonia | 1,981[9] |
 Finland | 600-700[10] |
| Languages | |
| Tatar, Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Sunni Islam[11][12] with Orthodox Christian[13] and irreligious minority | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Bashkirs, Chuvash, Nogais, Crimean Tatars[14][15] | |
The Volga Tatars or simply Tatars (Tatar: татарлар, romanized: tatarlar; Russian: татары, romanized: tatary), and occasionally by the historical Turko-Tatars[16][17] (Төрки-татарлар, Törki-tatarlar[18][19]), are a Kipchak-Bulgar Turkic ethnic group native to the Volga-Ural region of western Russia. They are subdivided into various subgroups. Volga Tatars are the second-largest ethnic group in Russia after ethnic Russians. Most of them live in the republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. Their native language is Tatar, a language of the Turkic language family. The predominant religion is Sunni Islam, followed by Orthodox Christianity.
"Tatar" as an ethnonym owns a very long and complicated history and in the past was often used as an umbrella term for different Turkic and Mongolic tribes. Nowadays it mostly refers exclusively to Volga Tatars (known simply as "Tatars"; Tatarlar[20]), who became its "ultimate bearers" after the founding of Tatar ASSR (1920–1990; now Tatarstan). The ethnogenesis of Volga-Ural Tatars is still debated, but their history is usually connected to the Kipchak Tatar-Turks of Golden Horde (1242–1502), and also to its predecessor, Volga Bulgaria (900s–1200s), whose adoption of Islam is celebrated yearly in Tatarstan.[21][22][23] After the collapse of the Golden Horde, ancestors of modern Tatars formed the Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552), which lost its independence to Russia after the Siege of Kazan in 1552.[20]
- ^ "ВПН-2010". www.gks.ru.
- ^ "Uzbekistan – Ethnic minorities" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-06-03.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Агентство Республики Казахстан по статистике: Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на 1 января 2012 года Archived 2012-11-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001". Ukraine Census 2001. State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
- ^ Asgabat.net-городской социально-информационный портал :Итоги всеобщей переписи населения Туркменистана по национальному составу в 1995 году. Archived 2013-03-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "National composition of the population" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 13, 2013.
- ^ Demographics azstat.org
- ^ Joshua Project. "Tatar in Turkey". Retrieved 10 May 2015.
- ^ "Population by ethnic nationality". Statistics Estonia. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
- ^ "Suomen tataareja johtaa pankkiuran tehnyt ekonomisti Gölten Bedretdin, jonka mielestä uskonnon pitää olla hyvän puolella".
- ^ "Volga Tatars". http://russia.by, Portalus.ru. August 5, 2007 – via portalus.ru.
- ^ "Religion and expressive culture - Volga Tatars".
- ^ Yemelianova, Galina M. (2002). Russia and Islam: A Historical Survey. Palgrave. pp. 36–41. ISBN 0-333-68354-4.
- ^ Ахметзянов М. И. Татарские родословные (шеджере) / М. И. Ахметзянов – Казань: ИЯЛИ им. Г. Ибрагимова // Золотоордынское обозрение. 2015.
- ^ Исхаков Д. М. Юго-Восток Татарстана: проблема изучения этнической истории региона XTV-XVII вв. // Элмэт — Альметьевск. 2003.
- ^ "Turkistan". Britannica.
- ^ Dündar, Ali Merthan. "A Document on the Religious and Educational Activites of the Turko-Tatars of Far East: The Directory of Keijo (Seoul) Numani Mosque and School".
- ^ "Татар халкы тарихы һәм мәдәнияте: Урта гасырлар (фәнни популяр басма)" (PDF). 2014.
- ^ "Төрки-татарлар әлифбасының этаплары".
- ^ a b "Татарлар".
- ^ Rorlich, Azade-Ayshe (1986). "The Origins of Volga Tatars".
- ^ Şahin, L. (2016). "Evolution of The Meaning of The Ethnonym Tatar: A Look From a Spatial Perspective".
- ^ "В Татарстане отпразднуют 1100-летие принятия ислама Волжской Булгарией".
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