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Willis Graham Act
The Willis Graham Act of 1921 effectively established telephone companies as natural monopolies, citing that "there is nothing to be gained by local competition in the telephone industry."[1] The law effectively released AT&T from terms of its Kingsbury Commitment, allowing the company to acquire competing telephone companies under the oversight of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC).[2] It was enacted by the 67th United States Congress and signed into law by President Warren G. Harding on June 10, 1921.[3][4]
- ^ Lloyd, Mark. "AT&T and Whatever happened to Antitrust?". Retrieved 12 Jul 2024.
- ^ Wilson, Kevin G. (2000). Deregulating telecommunications: U.S. and Canadian telecommunications, 1840-1997. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 19. ISBN 0-8476-9825-4.
- ^ Loeb, G. Hamilton (1977). "The Communications Act Policy Toward Competition: A Failure to Communicate". Duke Law Journal. 1978 (1). Retrieved January 22, 2024.
- ^ Pub. L. 67–15, 42 Stat. 27
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