Mandarin Chinese

Mandarin Chinese
'Yan asalin magana	harshen asali: 918,000,000 (2019) 1,074,000,000
Dangin harshen	Sino-Tibetan (en) Sinanci Mandarin Chinese
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Chinese characters (en)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	cmn
Glottolog	mand1415[1]

Mandarin Sin ko kawai Mandarin shine yaren gwamnati da ilimi na babban yankin China da Taiwan, tare da sanannun banbance na Hong Kong da Macau inda ake yawan amfani da yaren Sinawa da ake kira Cantonese.

Mandarin yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan harsunan yanki biyar na ƙasar Sin. Yana yaduwa fiye da kowane nau'in yanki, daga duk yankin arewacin ƙasar Sin zuwa lardin Yunnan da ke kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin. A cikin wannan babban yanki akwai bambance -bambancen yanki da yawa a cikin ƙamus, don haka wani wanda ya tashi daga Beijing zuwa Yunnan bai iya fahimtar mutanen da ke magana da yarensu na Yunnanhua ba. Matsalar ta fi girma ga mutum a Burtaniya ko Amurka don zuwa Australia. Saboda haka, tun daga shekarun 1920, gwamnatin ƙasar Sin ta kafa harshe na ƙasa bisa tushen yaren Beijing da kuma a kan kalmomin da aka fi fahimta da karin magana.

Mandarin shine daidaitaccen yare . Ba yaren kowa bane, amma matsakaici mai kyau tsakanin nau'ikan harsuna daban -daban da yare ɗaya kowa zai iya fahimta da sadarwa da shi. Duk da cewa ya dogara ne da yaren Beijing, amma bai yi daidai da yaren Beijing ba.

Makarantu suna amfani da yare da ake kira tsayayyen Mandarin, Putonghua (普通话/普通話) ma'ana "na kowa (magana)" ko Hanyu (汉语/漢語) ma'ana "harshen Han ". A wurare kamar Malaysia, an san shi da Huayu (华语/華語). A Taiwan, an san shi da Guoyu (国语/國語) ma'ana "harshen ƙasa." Akwai ƙananan bambance -bambance a cikin waɗannan ƙa'idodin.

Sama da mutane miliyan 800 ke magana da yaren Mandarin a duk duniya, fiye da kowane yare. Yawancin mutanen da ke ƙaura daga yankin Greater China yanzu suna magana da Mandarin, yayin da kuma a cikin ƙarni da suka gabata galibin yaren Cantonese ko Taishanese, wani yare na Sinawa na gida.

Standard Mandarin yana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan hukuma guda shida a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . Sauran Ingilishi ne, Faransanci, Spanish, Rashanci da Larabci .

1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Mandarin Chinese". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.