Tukwane

tukwane
visual arts technique (en) , Sana'a da hobby (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	crafting (en) da plastic arts (en)
Product, material, or service produced or provided (en)	pottery ware (en) da ceramic art (en)
Gudanarwan	potter (en)

Tukwane shine tsari da kayayyakin samar da tasoshi masu daukar ruwa da sauran abubuwa ta hanyar sarrafa yumbu da sauran kayan yumbu, waɗanda ake gasa su don ba su nau'i mai ƙarfi da dorewa.^[1] Manyan nau'ikan sun haɗa da kayan ƙasa, kayan dutse da ain. Wurin da maginin tukwane yake yin irin waɗannan kayan ana kiransa tukwane (jam'i "tukwane"). Ma'anar tukwane, wanda ASTM International ke amfani da shi, shine "duk kayan aikin yumbu da aka gasa/kona waɗanda ke ɗauke da yumbu lokacin da aka kafa su, ta hanyar fasaha, da kuma A cikin tarihin fasaha da kuma ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, musamman ma na zamanin da da kuma zamanin da, "tukwane" sau da yawa yana nufin tasoshin ruwa ne kawai, kuma siffofi masu sassaka na kayan abu ɗaya ana kiran su "terracottas".

Tukwane yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin ƙirƙirar ɗan adam, wanda ya samo asali kafin lokacin Neolithic, tare da kuma abubuwa masu yumbu kamar al'adun Gravettian Venus na Dolní Věstonice figurine wanda aka gano a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech tun daga 29,000-25,000 BC, da tasoshin da aka gano a ciki. Jiangxi, China, wanda ya kasance tun 18,000 BC. An samo kayan tarihi na farko na Neolithic da pre-Neolithic, a cikin Jōmon Japan (10,500 BC), Gabas mai Nisa na Rasha (14,000 BC),.^[2] nkin Saharar Afirka (9,400 BC), Kudancin Amurka ( 9,000s-7,000s BC), da Gabas ta Tsakiya (7,000s-6,000s BC).

Ana kuma yin tukwane ta hanyar samar da yumbu (yawanci yumbu) jiki zuwa abubuwan da ake so da dumama su zuwa yanayin zafi (600-1600). °C) a cikin wuta, rami ko kiln kuma yana haifar da halayen da ke haifar da canje-canje na dindindin ciki har da ƙara ƙarfi da rashin ƙarfi na abu. Yawancin tukwane masu amfani ne kawai, amma wasu kuma ana iya ɗaukar su azaman fasahar yumbura. Ana iya yin ado da jikin yumbu kafin ko bayan an gasa shi.

Ana iya raba tukwane da aka yi da yumbu zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi uku: yumbu, kayan dutse da alin. Waɗannan suna buƙatar ƙarin takamaiman kayan yumbu, da haɓaka yanayin zafi mafi girma. Dukkanin ukun an yi su ne da nau'in glazed da marasa gilashi, don dalilai daban-daban. Hakanan ana iya ƙawata duka ta dabaru daban-daban. A cikin misalai da yawa rukunin da ke cikinsa yana bayyana nan da nan a gani, amma ba koyaushe haka lamarin yake ba. fritware na duniyar Islama ba sa amfani da yumbu, don haka a zahiri faɗuwa waje da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi. Tukwane na tarihi na ire-iren waɗannan nau'ikan galibi ana haɗa su azaman ko dai kayan ''lafiya'', masu tsada da tsada sosai, kuma suna bin ƙayataccen ɗanɗanon al'adun da abin ya shafa, ko kuma "sanannen", "jama'a" ko "kauye" kayayyaki, galibi ba a yi musu ado ba, ko kuma haka kawai, kuma galibi ba su da kyau.

Yin girki a cikin tukwane na yumbu ya na samu ƙasa da farin jini da zarar tukwane na ƙarfe sun samu, amma har yanzu ana amfani da su don yin jita-jita waɗanda suka dogara da halayen dafa abinci, kamar biryani, cassoulet, daube, tagine, jollof rice, kedjenou, cazuela, da gasa. wake . ^[3]

1. ↑ 'Standard Terminology Of Ceramic Whitewares And Related Products.' ASTM C 242–01 (2007.) ASTM International.
2. ↑ Diamond, Jared (June 1998). "Japanese Roots". Discover. Discover Media LLC. Archived from the original on 2010-03-11. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3