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Alchemia

Kimiya-yi sa'ādat (Alchemia Felicitatis), liber philosophiae Islamicae et alchemiae ab Algazelo, philosopho mysticoque Persico, saeculo undecimo scriptus.
Ouroboros. Pictura in Aurora consurgens tractatu chemico (saeculo quinto decimo). Zentralbibliothek Zürich in Helvetia.
Alchemista. Pictura a Carolo Spitzweg facta.

Alchemia,[1][2] sive alchimia[3] et alchymia[1][2] (a nomine Arabico الخيمياء al-ḫīmiyāʾ aut الكيمياء al-kīmiyāʾ, a Graeco χυμεία = 'ars miscendi' aut χημεία,[4] fortasse ab Aegyptio keme = 'terra nigra'),[5][6][7] est antiquus philosophiae naturalis ramus in Sina, India, mundo Musulmano, atque Europa olim tractata.[8] Qua traditionem philosophicam et protoscientificam, ut in cultura Occidentali percipitur, aliquot textus pseudepigraphi in Aegypto Graeco-Romano primis saeculis post Christum natum scripti attestantur.[9] Fons chemiae hodiernae habetur.

Alchemistae certas materias purificare, crescere, perficere conabantur.[8][10][11] Inter eorum consilia erant chrysopoeia (transmutatio metallorum turpium, sicut plumbum, in metalla nobilia, praecipue aurum[8]), inventio elixiris immortalitatis,[8] et inventio panacearum quae omnes morbos curare poterint.[12] Perfectio corporis animaeque humanae exoriri putabatur ex magno opere, ut eorum labor usitate appellabatur.[8] Coniectura lapidis philosophi fingendi cum omnibus eorum propositis varie coniungebatur.

Uti solebant alchemistae tabula smaragdina, quae magna ex parte eorum doctrina erat. Alchemiam indagantes materias novas invenerunt, in quibus erant elementa arsenicum, bismuthum, phosphorus, stibium, zincum.

Nexus interni

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 L. A. Kraus, Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon, ed. tertia (Gotingae: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung,1844).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 F. J. Siebenhaar, Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften, ed. secunda (Lipsiae: Arnoldische Buchhandlung, 1850).
  3. ↑ J. C. Sommerhoff, Lexicon pharmaceuticochymicum Latino-Germanicum et Gemanico-Latinum (Nürnberg: J. F. Rüdiger, 1713).
  4. ↑ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; Jones, Henry Stuart (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press 
  5. ↑ Chemistry (etymology) (Anglice).
  6. ↑ Raja Tazi, Arabismen im Deutschen (1998), paginae 113–14.
  7. ↑ J. D. Latham, "Arabic into Medieval Latin," Journal of Semitic Studies 17 (1972): 44.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Pereira, Michela (2018). "Alchemy". In Craig, Edward. Routledge. ISBN 9780415250696 
  9. ↑ Lawrence M. Principe, The Secrets of Alchemy (Sicagi: University of Chicago Press, 2012), 9–14.
  10. ↑ Malouin, Paul-Jacques (1751), "Alchimie [Alchemy]", in Diderot; d'Alembert, Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences, des Arts, et des Métiers, I, Lutetiae .
  11. ↑ Linden 1996: 7, 11.
  12. ↑ "Alchemy", Dictionary.com .

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Alchemie AF Alchemie ALS አልከሚ AM Alquimia AN خيمياء Arabic خيميا ARY Alquimia AST Əlkimya AZ Алхимия BA Alkemėjė BAT-SMG

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