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Virus biologicum
Virus (-i, n., plur. vira [1]) est actor contagionis, qui solum cellulis organismorum viventium regenerari potest[2]. Vira omnia formarum vitae genera inficere possunt, ab animalibus et plantis ad microorganismos, bacteriis et archaeis non exclusis.[3] Post commentarium de pathogeno non bacteriali quod plantas tabaci inficit a Demetrio Ivanovsky anno 1892 divulgatum, atque post tobacco mosaic virus (generis Tobamovirorum) a Martino Beijerinck anno 1898 inventum,[4] adhuc plus quam 6 500 specierum virorum penitus descriptae sunt, sed aliquae milliones specierum in circumiectis terrestribus exsistere putantur[5] Vira in paene omni oecosystemate in tellure inveniuntur, et sunt crebrissimum omnium entitatum biologicarum genus[6]. Studium virorum virologia appellatur, proprietas disciplinae microbiologiae.
Virus res biologica ex et genomate (acido deoxyribonucleico aut acido ribonucleico) et proteinis (capsida) lipidisque efficitur. Quia DNA utens augetur, virus "pseudovitale" appellari potest. DNA virale in mRNA transcribitur; quod invicem in peptida transfertur, virus cum in cellula plerumque, sed ex informatione genetica virali, peptida viralia producens.
- ↑ William T. Stearn, Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary, ed. tertia (Londinii: David & Charles, 1983): "Virus: virus (s.n. II), gen. sing. viri, nom. pl. vira, gen. pl. vīrorum (to be distinguished from virorum, of men)."
- ↑ Wu, Katherine J. (15 Aprilis 2020). "There are more viruses than stars in the universe. Why do only some infect us? – More than a quadrillion quadrillion individual viruses exist on Earth, but most are not poised to hop into humans. Can we find the ones that are?". National Geographic Society
- ↑ Koonin, E. V., Senkevich, T. G., Dolja, V. V. (September 2006). "The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells". Biology Direct 1 (1): 29.
- ↑ Dimmock, Easton, et Leppard 2007
- ↑ Breitbart M., Rohwer F. (June 2005). "Here a virus, there a virus, everywhere the same virus?". Trends in Microbiology 13 (6): 278–84.
- ↑ "Viral metagenomics". Nature Reviews. Microbiology 3 (6): 504–10. June 2005
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