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Hizbullah

Penentangan Islam di Lubnan
المقاومة الإسلامية في لبنان
Al-Muqāwamah Al-Islāmīyah fī Lubnān
Setiausaha AgungNaim Qassem
Timbalan Setiausaha AgungKosong
Ketua Majlis EksekutifVacant
PengasasSubhi al-Tufayli
Abbas al-Musawi X
Hassan Nasrallah X
Ditubuhkan1985 (1985) (rasmi)
Ibu pejabatBeirut, Lubnan
Kelompok parlimenKesetiaan kepada Blok Penentangan[1]
Sayap separa tenteraMajlis Jihad
Briged Penentang Lubnan
Ideologi
AgamaSyiah
Penggabungan kebangsaanPerikatan 8 Mac
Penggabungan antarabangsaPaksi Rintangan
WarnaKuning dan hijau
Sloganفَإِنَّ حِزْبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلْغَالِبُونَ
('Sesungguhnya parti Allah yang akan menang.')
Kerusi di
Parlimen[20]
15 / 128 (12%)
Bendera parti
Laman sesawang
www.moqawama.org.lb
Politik Lubnan
Parti politik
Pilihan raya
Hizbullah
Terlibat dalam Parti Hizbullah
Aktif 1982–sekarang
Pemimpin
Ibu pejabat Beirut, Lubnan
Sekutu Negara sekutu:

Sekutu bukan negara:


Lihat juga

Lawan Lawan negara:

Lawan bukan negara:

Pertempuran/ perang

Lihat juga

Hezbollah (Arab: حزب الله, rumi: Ḥizbu 'llāh,, lit. 'Penolong Allah'). Kumpulan ini merupakan sebuah parti politik Islam di Lubnan.[42][43] Parti ini terbentuk hasil inspirasi kejayaan Revolusi Iran pada tahun 1979 pimpinan mullah terkenal Ayatollah Ruhullah Khomeini yang mana peniruan fahaman ini dijadikan tindak balas terhadap serangan rejim Israel terhadap 1982 atau dikenali sebagai Perang Lubnan ialah meniru cara dan gaya kepimpinan ulama dalam Revolusi Islam Iran. Kebetulan pula ramai orang Islam Mazhab Syafii di Lubnan, Syria dan Jordan dan Iraq sendiri. Parti ini juga mempunyai pasukan tentera dan kegiatan awam yang berkesan di Lubnan.

Hezbollah merupakan salah satu parti utama dalam gabungan politik yang memerintah Lubnan sejak 8 Mac 2005. Walaupun Hizbullah telah menyertai kerajaan baharu, parti tersebut masih menjadi lawan bagi March 14 Alliance.[44]

  1. ^ "Fadlallah Hits Back at March 14 over Karam Release, Marouni Slams 'Treason Accusations'". Naharnet. 18 April 2013.
  2. ^ a b c Philip Smyth (February 2015). The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects (PDF) (Laporan). The Washington Institute for Near East Studies. m/s. 7–8. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2 April 2015. Dicapai pada 13 March 2015.
  3. ^ a b c Dalacoura, Katerina (2012). "Islamist Terrorism and National Liberation: Hamas and Hizbullah". Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. m/s. 66–96. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511977367.004. ISBN 978-0-511-97736-7. LCCN 2010047275. S2CID 150958046.
  4. ^ Stepanova, Ekaterina (2008). Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects (PDF). Oxford University Press. m/s. 113. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2016-03-10.
  5. ^ Joshua L. Gleis; Benedetta Berti (2012). Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-0671-8.
  6. ^ "Hezbollah, the Lebanese Sectarian State, and Sectarianism". Middle East Institute. Dicapai pada 13 April 2017.
  7. ^ Bassel F, Salloukh (2015). "The Sectarian Image Reversed: The Role of Geopolitics in Hezbollah's Domestic Politics". Middle East Political Pcience.
  8. ^ "Hezbollah and the Lebanese Popular Movement".
  9. ^ Salamey, Imad; Pearson, Frederic (2007). "Hezbollah: A Proletarian Party with an Islamic Manifesto – A Sociopolitical Analysis of Islamist Populism in Lebanon and the Middle East". Small Wars & Insurgencies. 18 (3): 416–438. doi:10.1080/09592310701674358. ISSN 0959-2318. S2CID 143896155.
  10. ^ Elie Alagha, Joseph (2011). Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto. Amsterdam University Press. m/s. 15, 20. ISBN 978-90-8555-037-2.
    Shehata, Samer (2012). Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change. Routledge. m/s. 176. ISBN 978-0-415-78361-3.
  11. ^ Husseinia, Rola El (2010). "Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria". Third World Quarterly. 31 (5): 803–815. doi:10.1080/01436597.2010.502695. S2CID 219628295.
  12. ^ Levitt, Matthew (2013). Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God. Hurst Publishers. m/s. 356. ISBN 978-1-84904-333-5. Hezbollah's anti-Western militancy began with attacks against Western targets in Lebanon, then expanded to attacks abroad intended to exact revenge for actions threatening its or Iran's interests, or to press foreign governments to release captured operatives.
  13. ^ Hanhimäki, Jussi M.; Blumenau, Bernhard (2013). An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences. Routledge. m/s. 267. ISBN 978-0-415-63540-0. Based upon these beliefs, Hezbollah became vehemently anti-West and anti-Israel.
  14. ^ Siegel, Larry J. (2012). Criminology: Theories, Patterns & Typology. Cengage Learning. m/s. 396. ISBN 978-1-133-04964-7. Hezbollah is anti-West and anti-Israel and has engaged in a series of terrorist actions including kidnappings, car bombings, and airline hijackings.
  15. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama bbc-hi-me
  16. ^ [3][12][13][14][15]
  17. ^ Carvajal, Doreen (December 14, 2004). "French Court Orders a Ban on Hezbollah-Run TV Channel". The New York Times. Dicapai pada October 8, 2024.
  18. ^ Saad-Ghorayeb 2002, m/s. 168–86.
  19. ^ "Hezbollah chief in new attack on same-sex relations". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 29 July 2023.
  20. ^ "Interior Ministry releases numbers of votes for new MPs". The Daily Star. 9 May 2018. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 8 March 2021. Dicapai pada 24 October 2019.
  21. ^ "Report: Hezbollah opens base in Cuba". Ynet news. 9 January 2011. Dicapai pada 16 July 2020.
  22. ^ "Hezbollah is the Long Arm of Iran – Factsheet 5". 20 September 2019. Dicapai pada February 8, 2023.
  23. ^ Pardo, Ramon Pacheco (February 2011). "Beyond Iran" (PDF). The Majalla. 1561: 12–14. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 15 July 2012. Dicapai pada 5 April 2013.
  24. ^ "New Experience of Hezbollah with Russian Military". 2 February 2016. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 July 2018.
  25. ^ Rosenfeld, Jesse (11 January 2016). "Russia is Arming Hezbollah, Say Two of the Group's Field Commanders". The Daily Beast.
  26. ^ Kendall-Taylor, Andrea; Fontaine, Richard (2024-04-23). "The Axis of Upheaval". Foreign Affairs (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 103 (3). ISSN 0015-7120. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2024-09-09. Dicapai pada 2024-08-01.
  27. ^ "Why Assad's alliance with Iran and Hezbollah will endure". February 8, 2019. Dicapai pada February 8, 2023.
  28. ^ "Iran and Venezuela: Axis of Anti-Americanism". United Against Nuclear Iran. Dicapai pada 3 October 2024.
  29. ^ a b "Iraq admits Lebanese Hezbollah and Iranian RG fight alongside Iraqi security forces". 9 November 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 15 June 2018. Dicapai pada 28 July 2018.
  30. ^ "Hezbollah Fights Alongside LAF Demonstrating its Continuing Control over Lebanon". The Tower. 21 August 2017. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 February 2020. Dicapai pada 28 July 2018.
  31. ^ "Yemeni FM slams Hezbollah's Houthi support: report". The Daily Star. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 28 July 2018. Dicapai pada 28 July 2018.
  32. ^ "Lebanon's Hezbollah denies sending weapons to Yemen". Reuters. 20 November 2017.
  33. ^ "Wagner Group 'tasked to deliver Russian weapons to Hezbollah' – US intelligence". 4 November 2023.
  34. ^ "Hezbollah – International terrorist organization". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 22 July 2013.
  35. ^ Levitt, Matthew (2013). Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God. Georgetown University Press. m/s. 23.
  36. ^ Francis, Xavier (21 May 2020). "Israel Impressed How Turkish Army Crushed Hezbollah In Idlib, Syria". Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News.
  37. ^ "Israel learned from Hezbollah's defeat at the hands of Turkey". The Jerusalem Post.
  38. ^ "Turkish strike in Syria kills nine Hezbollah members, according to source". Haaretz.
  39. ^ a b Nimrod Raphaeli (11 February 2009). "The Iranian Roots of Hizbullah". MEMRI. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 February 2009.
  40. ^ "Beware Iran's 'Axis of Resistance' | People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI/MEK)". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2021-10-31. Dicapai pada 2020-01-16.
  41. ^ "Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul". longwarjournal.org – FDD's Long War Journal. 5 November 2016.
  42. ^ Jamail, Dahr (20 July 2006). "Hezbollah's transformation". Asia Times. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2019-01-25. Dicapai pada 23 October 2007.
  43. ^ "Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)". Council on Foreign Relations. 13 September 2008. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 September 2008. Dicapai pada 15 September 2008.
  44. ^ Gambill, Gary. "The Counter-revolution of the Cedars". Mideastmonitor.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 July 2011. Dicapai pada 20 October 2012.

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Hezbollah AF Hisbollah ALS حزب الله Arabic ܚܙܒܐܠܠܗ ARC حيزب الله ARY حزب الله ARZ Hizbullah AZ حیزب‌الله AZB Hezbollah BCL Хезбала BE

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