Letupan Kambria

Letupan Kambria, Ledakan Kambria atau percambahan Kambria^[1] adalah suatu peristiwa yang berlaku kira-kira 541 juta tahun dahulu semasa tempoh Kambria, apabila kebanyakan filum binatang utama muncul dalam rekod fosil.^[2]^[3] Hal ini mengakibatkan perbezaan pada kebanyakan filum metazoa moden.^[4] Peristiwa itu disertai dengan kepelbagaian utama organisma yang lain.^{[nota 1]}

Sebelum letupan Kambria,^{[nota 2]} kebanyakan organisma adalah ringkas, terdiri daripada sel-sel individu yang sesekali diatur kepada koloni. Lebih dari 70 higga 80 juta tahun dahulu, kadar kepelbagaian dipercepat dan pelbagai hidupan mula kelihatan serupa seperti yang ada pada hari ini.^[6] Hampir kesemua filum binatang yang sekarang muncul pada tempoh ini.^[7]^[8]

^ Zhuravlev, Andrey; Riding, Robert (2000). The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10613-9. The Cambrian radiation was the explosive evolution of marine life that started 550,000,000 years ago. It ranks as one of the most important episodes in Earth history. This key event in the history of life on our planet changed the marine biosphere and its sedimentary environment forever, requiring a complex interplay of wide-ranging biologic and nonbiologic processes.
^ Maloof, A. C.; Porter, S. M.; Moore, J. L.; Dudas, F. O.; Bowring, S. A.; Higgins, J. A.; Fike, D. A.; Eddy, M. P. (2010). "The earliest Cambrian record of animals and ocean geochemical change". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 122 (11–12): 1731–1774. Bibcode:2010GSAB..122.1731M. doi:10.1130/B30346.1.
^ "New Timeline for Appearances of Skeletal Animals in Fossil Record Developed by UCSB Researchers". The Regents of the University of California. 10 November 2010. Dicapai pada 1 September 2014.
^ Conway-Morris, S. (2003). "The Cambrian "explosion" of metazoans and molecular biology: would Darwin be satisfied?". The International journal of developmental biology. 47 (7–8): 505–15. PMID 14756326.
^ Butterfield, N.J. (2001). "Ecology and evolution of Cambrian plankton". The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation (PDF). New York: Columbia University Press. m/s. 200–216. ISBN 978-0-231-10613-9. Dicapai pada 19 Ogos 2007.
^ Bambach, R.K.; Bush, A.M.; Erwin, D.H. (2007). "Autecology and the filling of Ecospace: Key metazoan radiations!". Palæontology. 50 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00611.x.
^ Budd, G. E.; Jensen, S. (2000). "A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 75 (2): 253–95. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00046.x. PMID 10881389.
^ Budd, G.E. (2003). "The Cambrian Fossil Record and the Origin of the Phyla". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 43 (1): 157–165. doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.157. PMID 21680420.

Ralat petik: Tag <ref> wujud untuk kumpulan bernama "nota", tetapi tiada tag <references group="nota"/> yang berpadanan disertakan

[1] Zhuravlev, Andrey; Riding, Robert (2000). The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10613-9. The Cambrian radiation was the explosive evolution of marine life that started 550,000,000 years ago. It ranks as one of the most important episodes in Earth history. This key event in the history of life on our planet changed the marine biosphere and its sedimentary environment forever, requiring a complex interplay of wide-ranging biologic and nonbiologic processes.

[2] Maloof, A. C.; Porter, S. M.; Moore, J. L.; Dudas, F. O.; Bowring, S. A.; Higgins, J. A.; Fike, D. A.; Eddy, M. P. (2010). "The earliest Cambrian record of animals and ocean geochemical change". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 122 (11–12): 1731–1774. Bibcode:2010GSAB..122.1731M. doi:10.1130/B30346.1.

[3] "New Timeline for Appearances of Skeletal Animals in Fossil Record Developed by UCSB Researchers". The Regents of the University of California. 10 November 2010. Dicapai pada 1 September 2014.

[4] Conway-Morris, S. (2003). "The Cambrian "explosion" of metazoans and molecular biology: would Darwin be satisfied?". The International journal of developmental biology. 47 (7–8): 505–15. PMID 14756326.

[Butterfield2001ECR-5] Butterfield, N.J. (2001). "Ecology and evolution of Cambrian plankton". The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation (PDF). New York: Columbia University Press. m/s. 200–216. ISBN 978-0-231-10613-9. Dicapai pada 19 Ogos 2007.

[Bambach2007-8] Bambach, R.K.; Bush, A.M.; Erwin, D.H. (2007). "Autecology and the filling of Ecospace: Key metazoan radiations!". Palæontology. 50 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00611.x.

[Budd2000-9] Budd, G. E.; Jensen, S. (2000). "A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 75 (2): 253–95. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00046.x. PMID 10881389.

[Budd2003-10] Budd, G.E. (2003). "The Cambrian Fossil Record and the Origin of the Phyla". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 43 (1): 157–165. doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.157. PMID 21680420.

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Letupan Kambria

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